Herbs, food and dietary supplements (HFDS), can interact significantly with anticancer drug treatments via cytochrome p450 isoforms (CYP) CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C8. The objective of this review was to assess the influence HFDS compounds on these cytochromes. Interactions CYP activities were searched for 189 herbs products, 72 in Web Knowledge® databases. Analyses made from 140 3125 clinica...

In this paper, we argue that institutional ethical procedures do not properly prepare children’s geographers to conduct digital research with children and young people (CYP). To address this, propose a relational, dynamic approach ethics fit for such contemporary CYP. We find fault in growing disconnect between processual expectations of our academic institution the realities ‘ethics-in-practic...

The effects of three selective oral inhibitors, fluvoxamine (FLU), ketoconazole (KET), and verapamil (VER), on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of florfenicol (FFC) were investigated in chickens. The chickens were administered orally with saline solution (SAL), FLU (60 mg/kg), KET (25 mg/kg), or VER (9 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. Florfenicol was given to the chickens at a single dose of 30 mg/kg or...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Induction therapy with oral cyclophosphamide (CYP) has been a mainstay of treatment in patients with severe renal failure secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Recent evidence proposes using pulsed intravenous CYP in less severe disease to minimize adverse events. It is unclear if this can be translated to those with dialysis-dependent renal insufficiency. D...

Cytochomosome P450 enzymes (CYP) are heme-containing monooxygenases responsible for oxidative metabolism of many exogenous and endogenous compounds including drugs. The species difference of CYP limits the extent to which data obtained from animals can be translated to humans in pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics studies. Transgenic expression of human CYP in animals lacking or with largely r...

Studies in humans and rodents suggest that colon inflammation promotes urinary bladder hypersensitivity and, conversely, that cystitis contributes to colon hypersensitivity, events referred to as cross-organ sensitization. To investigate a potential peripheral mechanism, we examined whether cystitis alters the sensitivity of pelvic nerve colorectal afferents. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with...

BACKGROUND Phloroglucinol plays an important role in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The effects of phloroglucinol have been proven in various disease models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and possible mechanisms of phloroglucinol in the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). METHODS Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this stu...

The potential for drug-drug interactions mediated by the inhibition of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) were concerned during antituberculosis therapy. However, the information regarding human CYP inhibition by antituberculosis drugs is limited to isoniazid. In the current study, we examined the inhibitory effects of pyrazinamide and ethionamide, both of which are chemically related to isoniazid, on the ...

We investigated the effect of a novel synthetic analogue of a constituent from the Chinese medicinal herb Isodon excisus, 3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-N-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-acrylamide (compound 343), on the carcinogen activation pathway mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. We found that compound 343 inhibited the upregulation of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) e...

This study determined the metabolism of 3 drinking water disinfection by-products (halogenated acetic acids [HAAs]), bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA), chlorodibromoacetic acid (CDBAA), and tribromoacetic acid (TBAA), using rat, mouse, human liver microsomes, and recombinant P450. Metabolism proceeded by reductive debromination forming a di-HAA; the highest under nitrogen >>2% oxygen > atmospher...