The effects of gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and cordycepin upon exo- and endoproteolytic activities and storage (gluten) protein hydrolysis in germinating wheat and in incubated embryoless wheat seeds have been studied. Early increases in endoproteolytic activity were insensitive to the addition of gibberellic acid and inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis. L...

The senescence of oat leaves has been studied by following the loss of chlorophyll and protein and the increase of alpha-amino nitrogen, after detachment and darkening. Protein synthesis and the amounts of proteolytic enzymes in the leaves have been determined directly. The process of senescence is shown to be a sequential one in which protein synthesis,most probably the formation of a proteoly...

JDP2 (c-Jun dimerization protein 2) is a member of the basic leucine zipper family of transcription factors that is ubiquitously expressed in all examined cell types. JDP2 is phosphorylated on Thr148 by JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 kinase, although the functional role of its phosphorylation is unknown. In the present paper we show that the JDP2 protein level is dramatically reduced in ...

By incubating at 30 degrees C in the presence of an energy source, p34(cdc2)/cyclin B was activated in the extract prepared from a temperature-sensitive mutant, tsBN2, which prematurely enters mitosis at 40 degrees C, the nonpermissive temperature (Nishimoto, T. , E. Eilen, and C. Basilico. 1978. Cell. 15:475-483), and wild-type cells of the hamster BHK21 cell line arrested in S phase, without ...

By measurements of NO2-/NO3- (NOx) production and Northern blot analysis, we studied the effects of a membrane-permeable cAMP derivative, 8-bromo-cAMP, on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and the synthesis of NOx in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated NOx production and increased steady-state levels of iNOS mRNA in rat VSMC in ...

To help elucidate the role of protein in the maturation of ribosomal RNA in cultured L cells, we have studied the effects of cycloheximide upon the maturation process and upon the intranucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles containing the "preribosomal RNA's." Five parameters of these particles were analyzed: (a) extractability, (b) sedimentation characteristics in sucrose gradients, (c) RNA com...

We examined the relationship of cholesterol availability to steroid synthesis by rat luteal mitochondria. Cholesterol supply to luteal mitochondria was manipulated in vitro by incubating organelles with cholesterol-phospholipid dispersions. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid in dispersions determined the cholesterol content of the mitochondria, and there was a direct relationship (r...

Dark-grown Euglena gracilis Klebs strain Z Pringsheim cells, which have been partially regreened in the light, show a striking, continued synthesis of the chloroplast enzyme ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase on transfer back into darkness. This dark synthesis of the enzyme was completely prevented by the addition of 15 mug/ml of cycloheximide to the culture medium but was unaffected, for at ...

Enhanced lethality for BALB/c mice has been observed after the administration of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin with either actinomycin D, cycloheximide, or nogalamycin. The dose of actinomycin D required to kill half of the mice (LD(50)) was 0.8 mg/kg in normal animals, 0.35 mg/kg in mice administered 0.08 mg of endotoxin per kg, and 0.28 mg/kg in mice administered 0.2 mg of endotoxin per kg. Th...

Mouse cells contain the genetic information for multiple endogenous type-C RNA viruses. The mechanisms by which the cell controls expression of these naturally integrated viruses are not yet known. Recently, chemicals that inhibit protein synthesis have been shown to induce a specific type-C virus at high frequency from BALB/c mouse embryo cells. In the present studies, virus activation in resp...