We demonstrate a novel chemical cycling polymerase chain reaction (ccPCR) technique for DNA amplification in a fully working device where temperature is held constant in space and time. We demonstrate successful ccPCR amplification while simultaneously focusing products via isotachophoresis (ITP) for identification of the environmental bacteria E. Coli. We electrophoretically drive the DNA samp...

The origin of life has previously been modeled by biological heat engines driven by thermal cycling, caused by suspension in convecting water. Here more complex heat engines are invoked to explain the origin of animals in the thermal gradient above a submarine hydrothermal vent. Thermal cycling by a filamentous protein ‘thermotether’ was the result of a temperature-gradient induced relaxation o...

Ni and Co K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 have been collected using in situ coin cells. To investigate the electronic and structural changes accompanied by the capacity fading during electrochemical cycling and keeping batteries at high temperatures, the cells with different cycling states and keeping conditions (temperature, time) were prepared. Upon charging the cell, the Ni...

Where ρ0, α0, ∆T , η, κ are dimensional reference values of density of the background mantle, thermal expansivity, temperature difference between core-mantle boundary and surface, reference viscosity at temperature T = 0.5 (non-dimensional), and thermal diffusivity, respectively. g and h are dimensional gravitational acceleration and thickness of mantle, respectively. 1 Chemical complexity of h...

It is shown that laminar thermal convection can drive a chain reaction of DNA replication. The convection is triggered by a constant horizontal temperature gradient, moving molecules along stationary paths between hot and cold regions. This implements the temperature cycling for the classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification is shown to be exponential and reaches 100,000-fold ...

By thermally cycling through their transformation temperature range, coarse-grained polymorphic materials can be deformed superplastically, owing to the emergence of transformation mismatch plasticity (or transformation superplasticity) as a deformation mechanism. This mechanism is presently investigated under biaxial stress conditions during thermal cycling of unalloyed titanium, Ti-6Al-4V, an...

Microbes that colonize pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) (also called biochar) play an important role in PyOM mineralization and crucially affect soil biogeochemical cycling, while the microbial community composition associated with PyOM particles is poorly understood. We generated two manure-based PyOMs with different characteristics (PyOM pyrolyzed at the low temperature of 300°C [i.e., PyOM300...

BACKGROUND This study examined the effect of a 5-min cold-water immersion (14 degrees C) recovery intervention on repeated cycling performance in the heat. METHODS 10 male cyclists performed two bouts of a 25-min constant-paced (254 (22) W) cycling session followed by a 4-km time trial in hot conditions (35 degrees C, 40% relative humidity). The two bouts were separated by either 15 min of se...