“Cyclic voltammetry” is one of the most common electrochemical techniques, not only for electrochemists but also researchers in other fields. However, principles cyclic voltammetry are very complex; beginners and even experts may struggle with their application. Therefore, we explain fundamental Part 1 introduce practical issues associated recent trends such as fuel cells, capacitors, sensors 2...

Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in cartilage destruction in diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Because physical therapies such as continuous passive motion yield beneficial effects on inflamed joints, we examined the intracellular mechanisms of mechanical strain-mediated actions in chondrocytes. By simulating the effects of continuous passive motion with cyclic t...

Many integrins recognize short RGD-containing amino acid sequences and such peptide sequences can be identified from phage libraries by panning with an integrin. Here, in a reverse strategy, we have used such libraries to isolate minimal receptor sequences that bind to fibronectin and RGD-containing fibronectin fragments in affinity panning. A predominant cyclic motif, *CWDDG/LWLC*, was obtaine...

Norepinephrine exerts an important influence on prefrontal cortical functions. The physiological effects of beta-adrenoceptors (beta-ARs) have been examined in other brain regions. However, little is known about beta-AR regulation of synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The present study investigated beta-AR modulation of glutamate synaptic transmission in layer V/VI pyramidal ...

Total syntheses of cyclo (-Gly-L-Lys-L-Val-(R)-3-aminododecanoyl-); LV9nA and its diastereomer cyclo (-Gly-L-Lys-L-Val-(S)-3-aminododecanoyl-); LV9nB, congeners of rhodopeptin B5 on beta-amino acid moiety, were achieved. The beta-amino acid moiety was prepared as a racemate by the thermal Michael addition of an amine to alpha,beta-unsaturated ester. The racemic beta-amino acids were converted t...

The inflammatory mediators PGE2, DC-PGI2 and histamine as well as the beta-adrenergic drugs isoprenaline and salbutamol increase intracellular cyclic AMP-concentrations whereas Platelet Activating Factor does not induce any change in adenyl cyclase activity of normal human alveolar macrophages. Functional H2-histaminergic and beta 2-adrenergic receptor-subtypes are coupled to macrophage adenyl ...

Increased expression of tissue factor procoagulant by peripheral blood monocytes has been implicated in a number of thrombotic disorders. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether stable analogues of prostacyclin, a potent endothelium-derived platelet inhibitor and vasodilator, could inhibit tissue factor expression by human monocytic cells. Exposure of monocytic tumor THP-1 cell...

Chediak-Higashi (CH) syndrome is a genetic disorder of children and certain animal species including the beige mouse. We have previously described a membrane abnormality in CH mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMH). Whereas normal mouse PMN do not form surface caps with concanavalin A except after treatment with agents such as colchicine that inhibit microtubule assembly, CH mouse PMN show sp...

Catabolite repression is defined as the inhibition of enzyme induction by glucose or related substances. In the bacterium E. coli, the effect of glucose appears to be due to a lowering of the cyclic AMP level. A DNA-directed cell-free system for beta-galactosidase synthesis has served as a model system for studying the mechanism of action of cyclic AMP. Previously, it was reported that in this ...