Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in diverse physiological processes, including plant senescence and stomatal closure. The NO and cyclic GMP (cGMP) cascade is the main NO signaling pathway in animals, but whether this pathway operates in plant cells, and the mechanisms of its action, remain unclear. Here, we assessed the possibility that the nitrated cGMP derivative ...

Substance P is a neuropeptide associated with pain and inflammatory signaling pathways. It is the ligand of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). Some analogs of substance P that act as NK1R antagonist can be used as a drug to manage pain and inflammation. However, being a linear peptide they are not resistant to enzyme degradation and thus not orally active. To overcome this challenge, we synthesize a...

INTRODUCTION As one group of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have been isolated and identified as mesenchymal adult stem cells (MSCs) since 2004. It has been well accepted that PDL sensitively mediates the transmission of stress stimuli to the alveolar bone for periodontal tissue remolding. Besides, the direction of MSCs differentiation has been...

Pseudomycin A is a cyclic lipodepsinonapeptide phytotoxin produced by a strain of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Like other members of this family of bacterial metabolites, it is characterised by a fatty acylated cyclic peptide with mixed chirality and lactonic closure. Several biological activities of Pseudomycin A are lower than those found for some of its congeners, a d...

Although cyclic nucleotide-gated channels mediate sensory transduction in olfaction and vision, other forms of sensory transduction are independent of these channels. Caenorhabditis elegans cyclic nucleotide-gated channel mutants respond normally to some olfactory stimuli and to osmotic stimuli, suggesting that these chemosensory responses use an alternative sensory transduction pathway. One ge...

Epithelialized somites form repeatedly from the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm (PSM) in the tailbud of vertebrate embryos. Mutant analysis has shown that the Delta-Notch pathway is essential for the temporal and spatial control of somite formation. Several components of this pathway show cyclic transcription, which is driven by a molecular oscillator. This oscillator is thought to act similarl...

The problem of estimating the genus of G-spaces (G-category) attracts considerable attention (see, for instance, [Bar1, Bar2, Fa, FaHu, Kr, LS, Šv] and others). At least two approaches to this problem exist: geometric, based on Borsuk–Ulam type theorems, and homological, based on (co)homological arguments in the study of orbit spaces. Historically, the first result concerning this problem is th...

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) is a federal law established in 1986 to ensure that patients who present an emergency department receive medical care regardless of means. Violations are reported the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services can result significant financial penalties. Cheng et al1Cheng T.W. Farber A. Forsyth A.M. Levin S.R. Haqqani M. Kalish J.A. al.Vascular ...

Mechanical signals regulate blood vessel development in vivo, and have been demonstrated to regulate signal transduction of endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in vitro. However, it is unclear how the complex process of angiogenesis, which involves multiple cell types and growth factors that act in a spatiotemporally regulated manner, is triggered by a mechanical input....

carbonate materials are mostly found in tropical areas, where exploiting gas and oil resources are of high concern. their unique behavior under shear loading first was recognised during oil resources investigations in the persian gulf. off-shore structures have been placed on carbonate soils which are highly crushable.during storms cyclic loading imposes on the bases of structures lied down on ...