AIM We sought to reconstruct the biogeographical structure and dynamics of a hyperdiverse ant genus, Pheidole, and to test several predictions of the taxon cycle hypothesis. Using large datasets on Pheidole geographical distributions and phylogeny, we (1) inferred patterns of biogeographical modularity (clusters of areas with similar faunal composition), (2) tested whether species in open habit...

In this paper we introduce the notions of G∗L-module and G∗L-module whichare two proper generalizations of δ-lifting modules. We give some characteriza tions and properties of these modules. We show that a G∗L-module decomposesinto a semisimple submodule M1 and a submodule M2 of M such that every non-zero submodule of M2 contains a non-zero δ-cosingular submodule.

G-frames are natural generalizations of frames which provide more choices on analyzing functions from frame expansion coefficients. First, they were defined in Hilbert spaces and then generalized on C*-Hilbert modules. In this paper, we first generalize the concept of g-frames to Hilbert modules over pro-C*-algebras. Then, we introduce the g-frame operators in such spaces and show that they sha...

The differences in genetic backgrounds between deciduous and permanent teeth might contribute to the differences in developmental processes, histological characteristics, and tooth life cycles. Here, we attempted to identify significantly different modules between permanent and deciduous teeth via network and pathway analyses. We identified 291 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between perm...

Let A be a finite-dimensional, basic, connected algebra over an algebraically closed field. Denote by Γ (A) the Auslander–Reiten quiver of A. We show that A is representation-finite if and only if Γ (A) has at most finitely many vertices lying on oriented cycles and finitely many orbits with respect to the action of the Auslander–Reiten translation. Let K denote a fixed algebraically closed fie...

This paper describes a hardware architecture capable of evolving thousands of neural network modules in a matter of minutes and running a simulation of a million neuron modular artificial brain in real time. This new hardware system (called a "CBM", i.e. a CAM-Brain Machine) is an essential component in ATR's ongoing "CAMBrain Project", which aims to build/grow/evolve an artificial brain consis...

We introduce the notions of T-dual Rickart and strongly T-dual Rickart modules. We provide several characterizations and investigate properties of each of these concepts. It is shown that every free (resp. finitely generated free) $R$-module is T-dual Rickart if and only if $overline{Z}^2(R)$ is a  direct summand of $R$ and End$(overline{Z}^2(R))$ is a semisimple (resp. regular) ring. It is sho...

Today, great observatories around the world, devote a substantial amount of observing time to sky surveys. The resulted images are inputs of source finder modules. These modules search for the target objects and provide us with source catalogues. We sought to quantify the ability of detection tools in recovering faint galaxies regularly encountered in deep surveys. Our approach was based on com...

troller), it has the advantage of maintaining sequential consistency, thus allowing parallel programs to work as expected. VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The delays due to error checking being performed in series with intermodule communication are one of the primary causes of performance degradation associated with implementing concurrent error detection and correction in VLSI systems. This perfo...

We present a novel approach to producing a tool for use in the teaching of electrocardiography. A volumetric model is attained by outputting slice information to image files, which are then used to texture polygons in the reconstruction of the volume. A time-stepping algorithm is used to synchronise the playback of the electrical depolarisation and repolarisation cycles of the heart on both the...