Is the evolution and performance of cognition an asymmetric, directed process? The standard externalist definition of evolution as a mechanism of variation and selection cannot account for directed developments such as an increase in complexity of cognition. A separate cause which is responsible for complexification requires us to deviate from the usual description of cognition as ahistorical l...

The relationship between the practice of democracy and the use of new information technologies is dependent upon the technologies of communication and information, rules regarding the use of those technologies, and the nature of the entity making rules regarding those technologies. Since today developments In all three of these areas are turbulent, this article looks to social theory that deals...

In recent years a new science frontier emerged under the umbrella term of second-order science which creates new and challenging problems through a characteristic re-entry-operation like in pattern of patterns, learning of learning, cybernetics of cybernetics or logic of logic, which works with and on building blocks or elements of traditional or first-order scientific research and which, due t...

In the spirit of second-order cybernetics, human communication is reconceptualized by including in the process not only its theorists but also their observed Others without whom social reality is inconceivable. This essay examines several versions of otherness, how the voices of Others survive social scientific inquiries, the dialogical spaces made available for people to build their home, and ...

The Viable System Model by Stafford Beer embodies a theory about the preconditions of organizational viability. This theory has been discussed extensively by the academics and professionals of organizational cybernetics. The theoretical claim of the Viable System Model (VSM) is bold. It asserts to specify the necessary and sufficient preconditions for the viability of any organization. The empi...

A new system for selection of reference instances, which is called the EkP system (Exactly k Prototypes), has been introduced by us recently. In this paper we study suitability of the EkP method for training data reduction on seventeen datasets. As the underlaying classifier the well known IB1 system (1-Nearest Neighbor classifier) has been chosen. We compare generalization ability of our metho...

Abstract: The paper deals with optimal control problems for semilinear elliptic and parabolic PDEs subject to pointwise state constraints. The main issue is that the controls are taken from a restricted control space. In the parabolic case, they are R -vectorvalued functions of time, while they are vectors of R in elliptic problems. Under natural assumptions, firstand second-order sufficient op...

Approach To complete the picture, there is Rashevsky's2G view of evolution. The organism, regarded as a control system, can be mapped on to an image wherein all metrical properties are discarded, but all 'structural' relations preserved. The image will be a graph of the kind we used to depict states, only, in this case, the nodal points represent biological properties such as 'feeding' and 'sec...

Abstract: The paper concerns the existence of weak solutions to the Cahn-Hilliard-Gurtin system coupled with nonstationary elasticity. The system describes phase separation process in elastically stressed material. It generalizes the Cahn-Hilliard equation by admitting a more general structure and by coupling diffusive and elastic effects. The system is studied with the help of a singularly per...

This paper proposes a Social Cloud, which presents the system design, development and analysis. The technology is based on the BOINC open source software, our hybrid Cloud, Facebook Graph API and our development in a new Facebook API, SocialMedia. The creation of SocialMedia API with its four functions can ensure a smooth delivery of Big Data processing in the Social Cloud, with four selected e...