1. By means of the Warburg-Barcroft microrespirometer apparatus and the Warburg direct method, the relative effect of caffeine upon the O(2) consumption of the fertilized egg of Arbacia punctulata was shown for the following concentrations in sea water: 0.002 per cent (M/10,000), 0.004 per cent (M/5,000), 0.02 per cent (M/1,000), 0.1 per cent (M/200), 0.2 per cent (M/100), 0.5 per cent (M/40), ...

Seed germination is the complex adaptive trait of higher plants influenced by a large number genes and environmental factors. Numerous studies have been performed to better understand how controlled various factors applied chemicals, such as cyanide. However, still very little known about molecular mechanisms extrinsic signals regulate seed germination. Our previous found that non-lethal cyanid...

Cyanide is a gaseous poison which liberated from cyanide compounds such as potassium cyanide. In spite of high toxicity, are easily accessible for industrial use, and some contamination cases into beverages have occurred. For analysis cyanide, various analytical methods colorimetric been reported. Among those, headspace-gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection (HS-GC-NPD) known its easy...

The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung environment is poorly defined, but data suggest that bacteria may encounter reduced oxygen tensions and possibly an anaerobic environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the potent toxin cyanide under strictly microaerobic conditions. Evidence of bacterial cyanogenesis in the CF lung was investigated in the present study by measuring sputum cyanide concentrations....

With increasing industrialisation man is continuously disturbing the delicate ecological balance. Among the different sources which cause environmental deterioration, hydrogen cyanide is the most important one. Acute cyanide poisoning in man and animals results in incoordination of movements, convulsions, coma and respiratory arrest. At the molecular level it is well known that cyanide inhibits...

Contrary to most heme proteins, ferrous cytochrome c does not bind ligands such as cyanide and CO. In order to quantify this observation, the redox potential of the ferric/ferrous cytochrome c-cyanide redox couple was determined for the first time by cyclic voltammetry. Its E0' was -240 mV versus SHE, equivalent to -23.2 kJ/mol. The entropy of reaction for the reduction of the cyanide complex w...

Cyanide is a very toxic chemical that is used to extract gold from its ores. Wastewaters from gold mining companies such as Bogoso Gold Limited (BGL) contain cyanide and other potentially toxic chemicals that have adverse effects on human beings and aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the human health risk assessment from exposure to free cyanide via oral and dermal contact ...

Cyanides, a diverse family of compounds containing the highly reactive cyanide anion (CN), are produced from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The cyanide compounds most commonly found in the environment include sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and gaseous hydrogen cyanide, the latter being the main form present in air. The use of the term ‘cyanide’ in this section refers to the cyanide...

The filamentous fungus Fusarium lateritium is cyanide tolerant, due, at least in part, to the induction by cyanide of the enzyme formamide hydrolyase (EC 4.2.1.66). This enzyme, more commonly known as cyanide hydratase, catalyses the hydration of cyanide to formamide. The enzyme was purified from F. lateritium and showed a subunit molecular mass of 43 kDa (as judged by SDS-PAGE), while the nati...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data reveal large differences between the ferric ((13)C-)cyanide complexes of wild-type human neuroglobin (NGB) and its H64Q and F28L point mutants and the cyanide complexes of mammalian myo- and haemoglobin. The point mutations, which involve residues comprising the distal haem pocket in NGB, induce smaller, but still significant changes, related to change...