Since nearly all adult insects fly, the cuticle has to provide a very efficient and lightweight skeleton. Information is available about the mechanical properties of cuticle-Young's modulus of resilin is about 1 MPa, of soft cuticles about 1 kPa to 50 MPa, of sclerotised cuticles 1-20 GPa; Vicker's Hardness of sclerotised cuticle ranges between 25 and 80 kgf mm(-2); density is 1-1.3 kg m(-3)-an...

The control of water movement through the cuticle of terrestrial arthropods is demonstrated by a number of phenomena. For example, Lees (1946) has shown an active retention of water, Winston & Nelson (1965) indicate an active regulation of water loss, and Beament (1961) reviews the evidence for active uptake of atmospheric water. These phenomena are best explained by a water pump of some kind i...

iran is a major world producer of walnuts and a hub of walnut exports to other countries. walnut harvesting and cracking is still done manually, which increases price and waste. design and development of an effective harvester and walnut crusher is required to reduce costs and wastage. this study determined the mechanical properties of a test apparatus employing two flat jaws using different tr...

premature rupture of membranes (prom) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy that has a major impact on neonatal outcomes. with respect to racial, nutritional and cultural differences between developed and developing countries, this study was conducted to detect the prevalence of neonatal complications following prom and the role of the duration of rupture of membranes in producin...

Abstract Oxygen-isotope values of invertebrate cuticle preserved in lake sediments have been used palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, generally with the assumption that fractionation oxygen isotopes between and water ( $$\upalpha_{\text{cuticle}-\text{H}_{2}\text{O}}$$ ? cuticle</mml:mte...

In insects the development of a rigid exoskeleton requires that for growth and metamorphosis to occur a new cuticle must be periodically formed and the old one cast off. This process (the moult) is initiated with the release of the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) from the brain. Then follows the secretion of a second hormone, ecdysone, by the prothoracic glands, the apolysis of the epidermis ...

plant tissue culture refers to growing and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs of plants on defined solid or liquid media under aseptic and controlled environment. micropropagation allows rapid production of high quality, disease-free and uniform planting material. the micropropagation of high quality planting materials of ornamentals, and forest and fruit trees has created new opportun...

in eukaryotes, vesicle trafficking is regulated by the small monomeric gtpases of the rab protein family. rab11, (a subfamily of the ypt/rab gene family) an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed subfamily of small monomeric rab gtpases, has been implicated in regulating vesicular trafficking through the recycling of endosomal compartment. in an earlier communication, we have shown th...

Citation: Bellingeri M, Quilot-Turion B, Oliveira Lino L and Bevacqua D (2018) The Crop Load Affects Brown Rot Progression in Fruit Orchards: High Fruit Densities Facilitate Fruit Exposure to Spores but Reduce the Infection Rate by Decreasing Fruit Growth and Cuticle Cracking. Front. Ecol. Evol. 5:170. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00170 The Crop Load Affects Brown Rot Progression in Fruit Orchards: H...