following an epidemiological survey of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis (zcl) in some villages of badrood, a rural district north of the city of natanz, central iran, phlebotomus (phlebotomus ) papatasi scopoli were found to be naturally infected with leishmania (leishmania) major zymodeme mon-26. sandflies were collected and dissected biweekly from rodent burrows during sandfly season, april- ...

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, is initiated by the entry of spores into the host body. There are three types of human infection: cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal. For each form, B. anthracis spores need to cross the cutaneous, respiratory or digestive epithelial barriers, respectively, as a first obligate step to establish infection....

Herpes Zoster is characterized with painful dermatomal blisters, which commonly seen in elderly or immuncompromised people. It caused by varicella zoster virüs (VZV). HIV infection known as a risk factor for herpes and developments of its complications. Cutaneous findings can be the presenting symptom infection. In presence infection, HZ prolong complicate evet recurrence rate increases. recurr...

We present the case of a 55-year-old-man with AIDS who had disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection who was nonadherent to antiretroviral treatment and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. The patient acquired HIV via intravenous drug sue; he had a CD4+ cell count of 4/microL (1%) and an HIV RNA level of 114,000 copies/mL at the time of his HIV diagnosis. He presente...

1. Herd MK, Aldridge T, Colbert SD, Brennan PA. Odontogenic skin sinus: A commonly overlooked skin presentation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65:1729‐30. 2. Peermohamed S, Barber D, Kurwa H. Diagnostic challenges of cutaneous draining sinus tracts of odontogenic origin: A case report. Dermatol Surg 2011;37:1525‐7. 3. Gupta SK, Saxena P. Cutaneous manifestation of odontogenic infection mis...

The Prototheca species is achlorophyllic algae and rarely causes human infection. Human protothecosis presents clinically as a cutaneous infection, olecranon bursitis, and disseminated systemic disease. We report a case of human cutaneous protothecosis involving the left wrist. A 68-year-old man presented with an ill-defined erythematous lesion with crust at the dorsal aspect of his left wrist....

Nocardiosis is a localized or disseminated infection caused by gram-positive bacteria of the genus Nocardia. The infection most commonly affects the lungs, skin and central nervous system. Nocardiosis principally occurs in individuals with cellular immunodeficiency and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when such individuals present respiratory, cutaneous or neurological alterat...

Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for a wide variety of cutaneous infections ranging from superficial impetigo to fulminant invasive necrotizing fasciitis. Dysfunction of desmosomes is associated with the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases. We identified streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) as a proteolytic factor that cleaves the extracellular domains of desmoglein 1 and 3. In an epic...

Blastomyces dermatitidis is responsible for systemic mycoses. It is predominantly caused by inhalation of spores and often manifests as pneumonia, which can potentially disseminate; however, direct cutaneous inoculation may also occur. Blastomycosis in the perigravid period is exceedingly rare. The partial immunosuppressive state induced by pregnancy can engender more severe infections and is a...