Cellular organelle membranes maintain their integrity, global shape, and composition despite vigorous exchange among compartments of lipids and proteins during trafficking and signaling. Organelle homeostasis involves dynamic molecular sorting mechanisms that are far from being understood. In contrast, equilibrium thermodynamics of membrane mixing and sorting, particularly the phase behavior of...

nowadays, tube bonding in vehicles structure is noticeably considered by many researches. in this paper, local tube compression process by a rubber ring has been studied. firstly, simulation of the process was performed by fem. then, experimental test has been carried out to validate the numerical results. numerical and experimental results were compared showing a good agreement. in the second ...

OBJECTIVE To determine optimal scissor blade design and surgical approach to facilitate obtaining a long optic nerve segment during enucleation procedures. METHODS Two hundred mock enucleations were performed with the use of a human child skull model and a silicone sphere to simulate an eye. Temporal and nasal approaches with scissor blades with noncurved, mildly curved, or strongly curved bl...

The response of vacuum to the presence of external conditions is the subject of this work. We consider a generalization of the Casimir effect in the presence of curved boundaries on which a sharp potential is concentrated. The profile of the potential is a delta function, which has some features in common with a hard boundary and some with a smooth background field. The boundaries investigated ...

Concentric tube robots may enable new, safer minimally invasive surgical procedures by taking curved paths to difficult-to-reach areas of a patient’s anatomy. Operating these devices is hard due to their complex and unintuitive kinematics. Existing position control methods for driving the robot’s tip can cause the robot to collide with sensitive structures in the anatomy associated with patient...

Superstring models describing curved 4-dimensional magnetic flux tube backgrounds are exactly solvable in terms of free fields. We first consider the simplest model of this type (corresponding to ‘Kaluza-Klein’ a = √ 3 Melvin background). Its 2d action has a flat but topologically non-trivial 10-dimensional target space (there is a mixing of angular coordinate of the 2-plane with an internal co...

This paper presents a new approach to computing 1=r singularities on curved panels. By using carefully chosen mapping techniques, a curved panel with curved edges is mapped to a at panel with straight edges. Analytical formulas for at panel integrals are then used to give approximate curved panel integration solution. For those curved panels with reasonably large curvatures and smooth edges, th...

soil slopes are sometimes curved in plan rather than being straight. this curvature,especially when it is convex, decreases the bearing capacity of the slope. finite element methodhas been used here in this research to investigate the reducing effect of curvature on bearingcapacity of a slope. failure of soil has been assumed to be according to mohr-coulomb criteria;but the flow rule of the soi...

in this paper, we give a classification of non simply connected seven dimensional reimannian manifolds of constant positive curvature which admit irreducible cohomogeneity-one actions. we characterize the acting groups and describe the orbits. the first and second homo-topy groups of the orbits have been presented as well.

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the correlation between accuracy of root zx electronic foramen locator and root canal curvature. methods and materials: one hundred and ten extracted mandibular molars were selected. access cavity was prepared and coronal enlargement of mesiobuccal canal was performed. a #10 flexofile was inserted into the mesiobuccal canal, and a rad...