Gel-free proteomics has emerged as a complement to conventional gel-based proteomics. Gel-free approaches focus on peptide or protein fractionation, but they do not address the efficiency of protein processing. We report the development of a microfluidic proteomic reactor that greatly simplifies the processing of complex proteomic samples by combining multiple proteomic steps. Rapid extraction ...

Abstract Tungsten will be used as the plasma-facing divertor material in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) fusion reactor. Under high temperatures and ion fluxes, a ‘fuzz’ nanostructure forms on tungsten surface with dramatically different properties could contaminate plasma. Although simulations experimental observations have provided understanding of initial fuzz formati...

Damage to plasma-facing components (PFCs) and structural materials during abnormal plasma behavior such as hard disruptions, edge-localized modes (ELMs), and vertical displacement events (VDEs) is considered a serious life-limiting concern for these components. The PFCs in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), such as the divertor, limiter and parts of the first wall, wil...

The Ge(1/2) metastable states decay with a very characteristic signature which allow them to be tagged event-by-event. Studies were performed using data taken with a high-purity germanium detector in a low-background laboratory near a nuclear power reactor core where ν̄e-flux was 6.4× 10 12 cms. The measured average and equilibrium production rates of Ge(1/2) were (8.7± 0.4) and (6.7± 0.3) kgday...