The activity of electrical current against planktonic bacteria has previously been demonstrated. The short-term exposure of the bacteria in biofilms to electrical current in the absence of antimicrobials has been shown to have no substantial effect; however, longer-term exposure has not been studied. A previously described in vitro model was used to determine the effect of prolonged exposure (i...

Metal Halide High Intensity Discharge lamps are becoming popular because of its high efficacy. The operating characteristic of Metal Halide High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps is complex as it has several stage of operation. So electric control system is required to control the operation of metal halide high intensity discharge lamps. Electric control system involves a number of non linear dev...

BACKGROUND Current recommendations prescribe at least moderate-intensity physical activity, requiring >or=3 METs (metabolic equivalents) for >or=30 minutes almost daily, generating approximately 1000 kcal/wk. Defining intensity using an absolute scale in METs may be limited because it neglects variations in physical fitness: an activity requiring a particular MET value commands greater physical...

The indications for post-prostatectomy radiotherapy have evolved over the last decade, although the optimal timing, dose, and target volume remain to be well defined. The target volume is susceptible to anatomical variations with its borders interfacing with the rectum and bladder. Image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy has become the gold standard for radical prostate radiotherapy. Here...

The mechanics of rip currents are complex, involving interactions between waves, currents, water levels and the bathymetry, that present particular challenges for numerical models. Here, the effects of a grid-spacing dependent horizontal mixing on the wave-current interactions are studied. Near the shore, wave rays diverge from channels towards bar crests because of refraction by topography and...

This paper describes an effective on-line polymer characterization technique by using small-angle light-scattering (SALS) image processing software and wavelet analysis. The phenomenon of small-angle light scattering has been applied to give information about transparent structures on morphology. Real-time visualization of various scattered light image and light intensity matrices is performed ...

background: post-cesarean section analgesia improves functional ability of the mother and her interaction with the infant. pharmacological methods such as painkillers and narcotics are commonly used to reduce post-cesarean section pain. however, due to the complications of current pharmacological therapies, the use of non-pharmacological methods is currently receiving special attention. the pur...

A new photocathode called a ‘‘photosensitive field emitter’’ has been proposed, and a prototype was fabricated. This new Ž . photocathode was realized using a gated Si field emitter tip and an hydrogenated amorphous Si a-Si:H p–i–n photodiode. The emission current from the photocathode is proportional to the illumination intensity, and detectable maximum of the illumination intensity was about ...

A pocket-size, battery-powered peripheral nerve stimulator featuring a calibrated constant current floating output (max. 80 mA) was evaluated in unanaesthetized volunteers. Modes of stimulation included continuous 1 Hz, continuous train-of-four every 15 s, and on-demand tetanus (50 Hz per 5 s). Within the limits of 0-250 V, voltage adjusted automatically for 0.2-ms monophasic square pulses. Bet...

BACKGROUND Australia is the only high-income country in which endemic trachoma persists. In response, the Australian Government has recently invested heavily towards the nationwide control of the disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A novel simulation model was developed to reflect the trachoma epidemic in Australian Aboriginal communities. The model, which incorporates demographic, migrat...