objective: to manage a treatment resistant depression, clinicians may add a second medicationto the first antidepressant drug. the aim of the current research was to study the outcome of augmentation of citalopram with nortryptiline or triiodothyronine in a randomized clinical trial. methods: we selected 48 adult outpatients with a diagnosis of non-psychoticmajor depressive disorder who had not...

aim and background: multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system that causes major psychological challenges for patients all over the world. in this case, psychological interventions can be useful. this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (mbsr) on depression, fatigue, and anxiety in multiple sclerosis patients.  method and materials:...

BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety disorders are common in primary care setting but often remain undiagnosed. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is also prevalent in the general population and can impair recognition of common mental disorders due to significant co-morbidity and overlap with psychiatric symptoms included in self-reported depression/anxiety screening tools. We investigated if MetS has an i...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with premature death and a number of serious complications. The presence of comorbid depression makes these outcomes more likely and results in increased healthcare costs. The aim of this work was to assess the health economic outcomes associated with having both diabetes and depression, and assess the cost-effectiveness of potential policy changes to improve t...

OBJECTIVE The growth of the older adult population in Africa demands more knowledge about their chronic health problems, such as depression. The aim of this paper is to estimate depression prevalence and identify correlates of depression among older adults in Ghana and South Africa. METHOD The WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE study) was conducted in Ghana and South Africa fro...

depression in university students can be considered as an indicator of mental health. therefore, it is highly important to be concerned about their mental health. the present research was conducted for the purpose of investigating the depression level in paramedical students and the contributing factors. this research is a cross-sectional study. the examined population included the students of ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach. DESIGN Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, and observational meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety...

Depression is well established as a prevalent mental health problem for people with ESRD and is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, depression in this population remains difficult to assess and is undertreated. Current estimates suggest a 20 to 30% prevalence of depression that meets diagnostic criteria in this population. The extent of other psychopathology in patients with ESRD ...

BACKGROUND Interpersonal skill deficits are associated with depression; however, the nature of the relationship is not clear. This study examined whether interpersonal skill deficits are a temporary symptom of depression or a stable characteristic of depression-prone individuals, in a large adult general population sample (N=4749). METHODS Interpersonal functioning (IF) was compared among nev...