This study is motivated by the stylized fact that the asymmetry in dependence usually exists in returns of financial data series. Owing to political and monetary reasons, this phenomenon may be present in daily changes of exchange rates. In this paper, we study the relationships between five currencies in Asia around the period of Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, including the Singapore Dollar, ...

Digital currencies have flourished in recent years, buoyed by the tremendous success of Bitcoin. These blockchainbased currencies, called altcoins, are associated with a few thousand to millions of dollars of market capitalization. Altcoins have attracted enthusiasts who enter the market by mining or buying them, but the risks and rewards could potentially be significant, especially when the ma...

Public interest, explosive returns, and diversification opportunities gave stimulus to the adoption of traditional financial tools crypto-currencies. While CRIX offered first scientifically-backed proxy crypto-market (analogous S&P 500), measuring forward-oriented risk in crypto-currency market posed a challenge different kind. Following intuition “fear index” VIX for American stock market, VCR...

Most countries now share an established model of providing money to the economy through a two-tiered structureModern Monetary systemtwo-tiered structure, which consists central bank and commercial banks. The future monetary system will necessarily be shaped by both public private initiatives, issue private-based two-layered digital currencies denominated sovereign currency units can promising o...

this study investigates the effects of  macroeconomic variables and their role in development of foreign exchange market. the foreign exchange market is the mechanism by which a person of firm transfers purchasing power form one country to another, obtains or provides credit for international trade transactions, and minimizes exposure to foreign exchange risk. the foreign exchange transaction i...