Background: Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) is a potential host for the secretory production of the heterologous proteins. However, to this date few secretion-type gene expression systems in C. glutamicum have been developed, which limit applications of C. glutamicum in a secretory production of the heterologous proteins.Objectives: In this stu...

BACKGROUND The core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is found in the cytoplasm and nuclei of infected cells, including hepatocytes and other cells in the liver. The core protein could be secreted as well. Resident liver macrophages are dependent on the tissue micro-environment and external stimuli to differentiate M1 and M2 hypotypes with distinct functions, and increased expression of the nu...

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium smegmatis is a rapidly-growing mycobacterium causing rare opportunistic infections in human patients. It is present in soil and water environments where free-living amoeba also reside, but data regarding M. smegmatis-amoeba relationships have been contradictory from mycobacteria destruction to mycobacteria survival. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using optic and elect...

The handling of infectious viral vectors such as adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), lentivirus (HIV1), and vaccinia virus (VV) requires biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) containment. This also applies to modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) provided that the insert involves additional hazard. To transfer infected cells to the lower BSL-1 containment, viral particles have to be ...

When given by direct s.c. injection into the Ehrlich solid carcinoma 1 week after s.c. tumor transfer, viable crude spores of Clostridium perfringens type A (attenuated mutant strain LNG11 ATCC 29348) inhibited tumor growth and significantly prolonged the life span of male outbred Swiss mice. Under these conditions a concentrated sterile supernatant of a C. perfringens culture proved to be slig...

Background: Labeled leucocytes could be used for localization of infection foci after surgeries or in inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. Extraction of leucocytes needs 10% Hetastarch which is not available in Iran. We provide a method employing multiple centrifuges to extract and label leucocytes with Tc-HMPAO. Methods: The study was conducted from April to June 2018 ...

An unidentified Pseudomonas capable of growth on ferrichromes as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen was isolated by enrichment culture on ferrichrome A. The spectral shifts observed for the culture supernatant fluids and the degradation products which accumulated in the culture media during growth on these compounds indicated that initially the cyclic peptide rings are broken to yield simpler ...

OBJECTIVES To test the feasibility of human immune globulin (IG, Gamimune N, 10%) as a new treatment for endophthalmitis, the ocular tolerance, distribution, and ability of intravitreal IG to attenuate the toxic effects of Staphylococcus aureus culture supernatant were evaluated in a rabbit model. METHODS Effects of intravitreally injected IG were assessed histologically and with Western blot...

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most potent naturally occurring mutagens and carcinogens, causes significant threats to the food industry and animal production. In this study, 25 bacteria isolates were collected from grain kernels and soils displaying AFB1 reduction activity. Based on its degradation effectiveness, isolate N17-1 was selected for further characterization and identified as Pseudo...

Recent advances'-3 in the understanding of genetic recombination at the molecular level in bacteriophage prompted the examination of the enzymatic mechanism responsible for these events. The breakage-rejoining hypothesis of genetic recombination2 by definition invokes two distinct events, i.e., breakage followed by a rejoining event. Since various nucleases have been described which could accou...