Introduction Diversion of excessive cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from hydrocephalic brains by shunting is, in many cases, a life saving procedure. The down side of shunting is high failure rate (40% in the first year, and about 10% annually thereafter). Consequently, about 43% of the estimated 40,000 shunting procedures performed annually in the US alone are for shunt replacement. A study of imp...

BACKGROUND "Normal" pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is associated with injury to neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that recovers after surgery. This could be linked to changes in galanin, a neuropeptide with inhibitory effects on basal forebrain cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To examine changes in CSF galanin concentrations in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus undergoing shunt s...

OBJECTIVE Previously, we documented association between CSF circulation and transcranial-Doppler derived autoregulation in non-shunted patients suffering from hydrocephalus. In the present study we sought to investigate the relationship between the resistance to CSF outflow and pressure-reactivity both in shunted and non-shunted NPH patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients (47 non-...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of residual shunt in patients after device closure of atrial septal defect and its impact on long-term outcome has not been previously defined. METHODS From a prospective, single-institution registry of 408 patients, we selected individuals with agitated saline studies performed 1 year after closure. Baseline echocardiographic, invasive hemodynamic, and comorbidity d...

Abstract Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has well-described imaging findings, typically reversible with the adequate treatment. We hereby report a case of IIH peculiar finding, that to our knowledge and by research conducted, never been described before—cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) transudation across optic nerve sheath. Case presentation A 15-year-old girl 2-week history oc...