The effects of cryogenic injury on femoral blood vessels and nerves were studied in 28 rats. The femoral neurovascular bundles were dissected out bilaterally and the vessels and nerves subjected to cryogenic injury. The rats were sacrificed at intervals of up to 2 weeks. Damage to the nerves and to a number of femoral vessels was severe and included necrosis and thrombus formation. The results ...

Cryogenic, high-resolution X-ray detectors have potential applications in industrial .X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. We discuss various XRF analysis techniques currently used in the semiconductor industry, problems encountered clue to limitations of current detectors and the potential benefits of using cryogen ic detectors in these applications. We give examples of demonstration experiments...

Cryogenic fluid flows including liquid nitrogen and superfluid helium are a rich environment for novel scientific discovery. Flows can be measured optically and dynamically when faithful tracer particles are dispersed in the liquid. We present a reliable technique for dispersing commercially available fluorescent nanoparticles into cryogenic fluids using ultrasound. Five types of fluorescent na...

Abstract: Minimizing the work consumed in refrigeration system is the most effective measure to reduce the cost of products in sub-ambient chemical processes. The introduction of mixed working fluids into refrigeration system in place of pure working fluids is a recent advancement applied in the field. Due to the lack of systematic design method for Mixed Refrigerant Cycle (MRC), conventional a...

In some experiments and applications there is need for large-area photosensitive detectors to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Nowadays, vacuum PMs are usually used for this purpose. We have developed special designs of planar photosensitive gaseous detectors able to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Such detectors are much cheaper than PMs and are almost insensitive to magnetic fields. Resu...

This paper studied the cutting properties of Ti-6Al-4V under cryogenic cooling to find a solution of improvement in tool load-carrying, thermal stress, tool life and finish quality. Firstly, this paper established a 3-D cutting model of Ti-6Al-4V under cryogenic cooling with liquid nitrogen, and then set the parameters of material, friction model and cutting conditions. Based on this model, the...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a new bio-plotter using a rapid freeze prototyping (RFP) technique and to investigate its potential applications in fabricating tissue scaffolds. Design/methodology/approach – The development of cryogenic bio-plotters including design steps of hardware as well as software is addressed. Effects of structural parameters and process parameters on t...

The cryogenic cavitation has critical implications on the performance and safety of liquid rocket engines. In this study, a systematic investigation based on the surrogate modeling techniques is conducted to assess and improve the performance of a transport-based cryogenic cavitation model. Based on the surrogate model, global sensitivity analysis is be conducted to assess the role of model par...