Significant advances in the development of high electron-mobility field-effect transistors (HEMTs) have resulted in cryogenic, low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) whose noise temperatures are within an order of magnitude of the quantum noise limit (hf/k). Further advances in HEMT technology at cryogenic temperatures may eventually lead to the replacement of maser and superconducting–insulator– supercon...

As a supplemental process of heat treatment, deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is believed to have favorable effects on the mechanical properties steels. In this study, three different sequences DCT and tempering, including QCTT (Q: quenching, C: DCT, T: tempering), QTC, QTCT, were investigated discover an effective method improve impact toughness fatigue life typical ultrahigh strength steel simu...

We report the reduction of the thermal lensing in cryogenic sapphire mirrors, which is planed to be used in the Large scale Cryogenic Gravitational wave Telescope (LCGT) project. We measured three key parameters of sapphire substrate for thermal lensing at cryogenic temperature. They are optical absorption coefficient, thermal conductivity and temperature coefficient of refractive index at cryo...

PDMS micro-sensors coated onto an electrical wire are used to measure dynamic temperature variation at cryogenic range based on optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) frequency shift principle. We designed a lab cryogenic cell via filling liquid nitrogen to create a stable low temperature down to 95K. The electrical wire is current carrying to simulate a working electrical/electronic component/d...

Cryogenic treatments and cryoprotective agents (CPAs) determine the survival rate of organisms that undergo cryopreservation, but their mechanisms of operation have not yet been characterised adequately. In particular, the way in which membrane lipids respond to cryogenic treatments and CPAs is unknown. We developed comparative profiles of the changes in membrane lipids among cryogenic treatmen...

The aim of this study was to evaluate tensile properties low and medium carbon ferrite -martensite dual phase steel, the effect cryogenic treatment at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 ºC) on its properties. Low steel (C12D) steels (C32D & C42D) were used in work. For each grade, five groups specimens prepared according type heat treatment. first group normalized, second normalized subseque...

Abstract The conductivity and strength of Cu-Fe composites are contradictory. Cryogenic treatment is a promising process to improve the materials at same time. impact cryogenic on thermo-mechanically processed Cu-11Fe composite was studied using digital micro-ohmmeter, tensile testing machine optical microscopy. average size iron grain in cryogenically treating alloy decreased distribution more...

BACKGROUND Fidelity to the treatment protocol is key to successful trials but often problematic. This article reports the staff's views on delivering a complex rehabilitation intervention: patient-led therapy during inpatient stroke care. METHODS An exploratory qualitative study using focus groups with staff involved in a multicenter (n = 12) feasibility trial of patient-led therapy (the MAES...