An invasive alien species American bullfrog (hereafter, ‘bullfrog') is found in freshwater lakes Onuma Quasi-National Park, Hokkaido, Japan. Bullfrog commonly feeds on red swamp crayfish many areas. However, has not been confirmed Komuna Lake, Park. The purpose of this study to examine the trend predation native biomes areas without presence. We detected dietary composition bullfrogs. stomach c...

Fermented soybean meal (FSM) is an important feed material that can replace fish to solve the shortage of animal protein. To improve utilization FSM, we optimized co-fermentation conditions using Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium studied effects replacing with different proportions FSM on serum antioxidant indices gut microbiota (GM) composition crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Our re...

This study aimed to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) orally provided a single dose 20 mg/kg body weight (BW). To achieve this, fish were sampled at various intervals using sparse sampling strategy, and plasma samples analyzed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Subsequently, naïve average data non-compartmental metho...