Investigations of visual crowding, where a target is difficult to identify because of flanking elements, has largely used a theoretical perspective based on local interactions where flanking elements pool with or substitute for properties of the target. This successful theoretical approach has motivated a wide variety of empirical investigations to identify mechanisms that cause crowding, and i...

Tolerance to crowding stress has played a crucial role in improving agronomic productivity in field corn; however, commercial sweet corn hybrids vary greatly in crowding stress tolerance. The objectives were to 1) explore transcriptional changes among sweet corn hybrids with differential yield under crowding stress, 2) identify relationships between phenotypic responses and gene expression patt...

Many protein functions can be directly linked to conformational changes. Inside cells, the equilibria and transition rates between different conformations may be affected by macromolecular crowding. We have recently developed a new approach for modeling crowding effects, which enables an atomistic representation of "test" proteins. Here this approach is applied to study how crowding affects the...

T he insides of cells are crowded. Fig. 1A is a dramatic representation of the fact that macromolecules occupy 30% of the cellular volume, with their concentrations reaching 300 g/L (1). For comparison, the concentration of protein in an egg white is only one third of that value. However, almost everything we know about biological macromolecules in solution comes from data acquired under condit...

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) has attracted a lot of attention since it can handle multiobjective problems (MOP) with complicated Pareto front. The procedure involves decomposing MOP into single subproblems, which are eventually optimized simultaneously the neighborhood information. However, MOEA/D strategy tends to produce distributed optimization that i...

OBJECTIVE Individuals with dental crowding are the most frequent patients in the orthodontic practice.The purpose of this article is to find out if the lower third molars are the main reason of crowding in the lower dental arch. As well to find out other factors which can influence the lower incisors crowding. METHODS The aim was to identify studies and reviews related to the effect of the lo...

Experiments show that macromolecular crowding modestly reduces the size of intrinsically disordered proteins even at a volume fraction (ϕ) similar to that in the cytosol, whereas DNA undergoes a coil-to-globule transition at very small ϕ. We show using a combination of scaling arguments and simulations that the polymer size R̅(g)(ϕ) depends on x=R̅(g)(0)/D, where D is the ϕ-dependent distance bet...

How cells utilize intracellular spatial features to optimize their signaling characteristics is still not clearly understood. The physical distance between the cell-surface receptor and the gene expression machinery, fast reactions, and slow protein diffusion coefficients are some of the properties that contribute to their intricacy. This article reviews computational frameworks that can help b...

The least well known structure of the Galaxy is its central region, because of the high extinction, the crowding and the confusion between disk and bulge sources along the line of sight. We show how the structure of the inner Galaxy and the dust distribution can be strongly constrained by using red clump stars as distance indicator. The results of this method applied on the deep near-infrared s...

In this paper, a novel 6 Degree of Freedom (DOF) parallel manipulator was presented used for airplane assembling. Because of many advantages, parallel robot is perfect used in this special application. A variant of Stewart-liked configuration was adapted as the main structure. After inverse kinematics analysis, stiffness analysis, accuracy analysis, dexterity analysis, multiobjective optimizati...