Animal production is under fire. When considering the future of animal production, questions are being asked from all sides. Can we afford animal production? Does man really need animal protein in his diet ; would plant protein supplemented with vitamin B12 fulfil his nutritional needs ; does he really need animal fibres and hides? Is it cruel to use animals in the service of man? Perhaps we as...

Gamma irradiation is a form of pure energy which is currently used most widely for food and waste irradiation. To evaluate the potential of gamma irradiated sludge for its suitability as a soil amendment in agriculture, field experiments were carried out in a root crop, carrot (Daucus carota). Treatments consisting of three sources of manure (Farmyard Manure (FYM), gamma-irradiated sewage sludg...

Tobacco is widely planted across the world especially in China, which means that a large amount of tobacco waste needs to be treated. This study investigated the biogas fermentation of tobacco stalks co-digested with different biomass feedstocks and the inactivation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) by anaerobic digestion. Results showed that the maximum methane yield o...

Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternati...

Use of sewage sludge in agriculture is the most convenient practices of sludge disposal. Agriculture can use large and increasing quantities of sludge because it improve soil fertility by increasing the soil organic matter, microbial activity and plant nutrients and by improving the soil physical properties (Stamatiadis et al., 1999). The waste waters are suitable for crop production provided t...

Renewable energy is a source of energy derived from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, water, tides, hot dry rocks, magma, hot water springs, fire wood, animal manure, and crop residues and waste. These renewable energy technologies are called with its source such as solar power, wind power, hydropower, geothermal and biomass. Energy resources are so important in perspective of economics...

background and objectives: hospitals usually generate large amounts of hazardous waste. if not managed properly, hospital waste can pose threats to public safety and damage the environment. waste minimization is a waste management approach that focuses on reducing the amount and toxicity of hazardous wastes. this study pursues a two-fold purpose: 1) to gain insight into hospital waste minimizat...

Introduction and Research Objectives Use of organic by-products as soil amendments in agricultural production exemplifies a strategy for converting wastes to resources. Paper mill sludge is one of the largest underutilized organic by-products in Wisconsin. Paper mill sludge (PS) generation in Wisconsin increases approximately 5% per year, and 70% of all PS generated currently (740,000 dry tons)...

Increasing energy use, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels make switching to low-carbon fuels a high priority. Biofuels are a potential low-carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop-based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and ...

Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a significant environmental problem, especially in fast-growing cities. The amount of waste generated increases each year and this makes it difficult to create solutions which due to the increase in waste generation year after year and having to identify a solution that will have minimum impact on the environment. To determine the most sustai...