This paper aims to reschedule online metro trains in delay scenarios. A graph representation and a mixed integer programming model are proposed to formulate the optimization problem. The solution approach is a two-stage optimization method. In the first stage, based on a proposed train state graph and system analysis, the primary and flow-on delays are specifically analyzed and identified with ...

Clinical practice guidelines have a long and distinguished tradition in pediatrics. Currently, the American Academy of Pediatrics has developed more than 15 practice guidelines and more than 250 clinical policy statements. In the past, practice guidelines have been used to improve care through the dissemination of evidence-based, clinically effective practices to pediatric practitioners. In the...

PURPOSE We developed a standardized critical pathway for gastric cancer surgery and then determined the increase of application, which resulted in an improvement in terms of measurable indices, such as hospital stay and cost. MATERIALS AND METHODS A critical pathway was revised and used widely from the 2nd quarter of 2009. We collected clinical data, such as length of stay and complication ra...

PCNA ubiquitination in response to DNA damage leads to the recruitment of specialized translesion polymerases to the damage locus. This constitutes one of the initial steps in translesion synthesis (TLS)--a critical pathway for cell survival and for maintenance of genome stability. The recent crystal structure of ubiquitinated PCNA (Ub-PCNA) sheds light on the mode of association between the tw...

Occupational health services face important changes as a result of changes in work environment, changing health and safety concepts, and legislation. To ensure good quality at a good price, it is important to control the processes in occupational health services. The concept of "prevention pathways" is presented for the management of occupational health services. The model is based on the criti...

The aggressive scaling of nanometer CMOS technology nodes and the integration of low-k dielectrics introduces novel reliability phenomena that progressively degrade the electrical characteristics of copper interconnects. These effects impact the performance of designs gradually rather than abruptly, leading to timing violations in several timing-critical paths and thus shortening the system’s l...

This is an exciting era in cell-cycle research. We are now uncovering the molecular details of a critical pathway which regulates early cell-cycle progression by integrating signals emanating from proteins that drive the cell cycle with the transcription apparatus and the consequent control of target genes. Molecules that function to positively regulate, such as cyclin-cdk complexes, and negati...

In this paper we characterize the processes of knowledge making in open-source software projects as an ecology of agents, artifacts, rules, resources, activities, practices and interactions. In order to grasp its dynamic features we consider open-source software projects as interactive systems based on dense interactions between humans and technical artifacts within electronic media. Technology...

A complex computing problem can be solved efficiently on a system with multiple computing nodes by dividing its implementation code into several parallel processing modules or tasks that can be formulated as directed acyclic graph (DAG) problems. The DAG jobs may be mapped to and scheduled on the computing nodes to minimize the total execution time. Searching an optimal DAG scheduling solution ...

We analyze thematic trends and challenging issues in conceptual modeling based on the metadata of 943 research papers published in a series of conferences on conceptual modeling (known as the ER conferences) between 1979 and 2005. We specifically address 1) all-time prominent challenges in conceptual modeling, 2) current challenges and emerging trends, and 3) the structure and dynamics of the c...