The World Wide Web is commonly seen as a platform that can harness the collective abilities of large numbers of people to accomplish tasks with unprecedented speed, accuracy, and scale. To explore the Web's ability for social mobilization, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) held the DARPA Network Challenge, in which competing teams were asked to locate 10 red weather balloons...

Introduction. Queensland has accounted for more than 60% of the land clearing in Australia over the last 30 years and there is continuing evidence that the rate of land clearing in Queens-land is increasing (Queensland Department of Natural Resources 2000). State legislation (Vegetation Management Act 1999 and Vegetation Management Regulation 2000) and federal legislation (Environment Protectio...

The paper presents an investigation in to the effect of neural network predictive control of UPFC on the transient stability performance of a multimachine power system. The proposed controller consists of a neural network model of the test system. This model is used to predict the future control inputs using the damped Gauss-Newton method which employs ‘backtracking’ as the line search method f...

Power systems become large and complex, so the occurrence rates of a great deal of energy loss caused by faults become high. In this situation, the development of the efficient search method for high risk events of power systems is strongly required. Risk is defined as the product of energy loss and its occurrence rate, considering that the goal of power systems is the stable supply of power. T...

From 1863-1914, banks in the U.S. could issue notes subject to full collateral, a per-period tax on outstanding notes, redemption of notes on demand, and a clearing fee per issued note cleared through the Treasury. The system failed to satisfy a purported arbitrage condition; i.e., the yield on collateral exceeded the tax rate plus the product of the clearing fee and the average clearing rate o...