among the six classes of pro-2-groups of finite and fixed co-classes and trivial schur multiplicator which studied by abdolzadeh and eick in 2009, there are two classes $$s_5=langle a,bmid [b,a^2]=1, a^2=[b,a]^2, (b^2)^{[b,a]}b^2=1rangle$$ and $$s_6=langle a,t,bmid a^2=b^2,[b,a]^2=1, t^a=t^{-1}[b,a], b^t=abarangle$$that have been conjectured to have deficiency zero presentations. in this paper ...

Atherosclerosis is considered both a metabolic and inflammatory disease; however, the specific tissue and signaling molecules that instigate and propagate this disease remain unclear. The liver is a central site of inflammation and lipid metabolism that is critical for atherosclerosis, and JAK2 is a key mediator of inflammation and, more recently, of hepatic lipid metabolism. However, precise e...

In the preceding papers (7, 8) of this series we presented the effects of certain mineral deficiency on the organic constituents of tobacco plants. Changes in the organic composition were associated with the development of typical symptoms resulting from an abnormal supply of a specific mineral. Mineral deficiency symptoms, in general, appear initially in a localized area and are very mild. The...

To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) in bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency, the effects of ovariectomy were explored in six-month-old transgenic mice expressing high blood levels of a soluble TNF receptor type I (sTNFR1)-FcIgG3 fusion protein, which neutralizes TNF alpha, and in their nontransgenic littermates used as controls. These transgenic mice were identical...

a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of of magnesium (mg) deficiency on plant cell metabolism in pgs durum wheat cultivar. the experiment was conducted in 4 replications as a completely randomized design in 2010. result showed that magnesium deficiency increased reactive oxygen species (ros) production such as hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). furthermore, mg deficiency decli...

The myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) is critical for protection against pathogens. However, we demonstrate here that MyD88 expression in B cells inhibits resistance of mice to Salmonella typhimurium infection. Selective deficiency of Myd88 in B cells improved control of bacterial replication and prolonged survival of the infected mice. The B cell-mediated suppressive pat...

Endothelin (ET) may contribute to pulmonary edema formation, particularly under hypoxic conditions, and decreases in ET-B receptor expression can lead to reduced ET clearance. ET increases vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) production in vitro, and VEGF overexpression in the lung causes pulmonary edema in vivo. We hypothesized that pulmonary vascular ET-B receptor deficiency leads t...

The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which is expressed in the liver and intestine, plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism in rodents. While hepatic SR-BI expression controls high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol metabolism, intestinal SR-BI has been proposed to facilitate cholesterol absorption. To evaluate further the relevance of SR-BI in the enterohepatic circulation...

Purpose: Iodine deficiency, the most common cause of brain damage in children, remains a critical health problem in Kayseri, Central Anatolia. This study aimed to evaluate the iodine intake of breast-feeding mothers and their neonates and determine breast-milk iodine content after mandatory salt iodization in Kayseri. Material and Methods: For the study, a total of 70 breast-feeding mothers and...

The experimental rations commonly used in studies on the vitamin B(2) complex are, as a rule, low in content of choline. Addition of vitamin B(6) has an aggravating influence on the specific effect of deficiency of choline, especially with regard to the development of cortical necrosis of the kidneys. The acute and subacute lesions associated with this specific type of renal injury are describe...