The Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) was introduced by Webster and Tavares in a study of cryptographic design criteria. This is an indicator for local property. In order to improve the global analysis of cryptographically strong functions, Zhang and Zheng introduced the global avalanche characteristics (GAC). The sum-of-squares indicator related to the GAC is defined as σf = ∑ v ∆ 2 f (v), wher...

To overcome the defects that traditional approach for multi-objective programming under uncertain random environment (URMOP) neglects randomness and uncertainty of problem volatility results, a new is proposed based on expected value-standard deviation value criterion (C ESD criterion). Firstly,...

When comparing the average citation impact of research groups, universities and countries, field normalisation reduces the influence of discipline and time. Confidence intervals for these indicators can help with attempts to infer whether differences between sets of publications are due to chance factors. Although both bootstrapping and formulae have been proposed for these, their accuracy is u...

rangelands are important for plant productivity, livestock production, wildlife,conservation of soil and water resources, and etc. one of the main problem of rangeland isthat has not been used based on its potential that leads to more degradation of rangelands.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the range management capability of badrehregion in ilam province, iran, using anp (analytic ne...

We present a new Eulerian-Lagrangian method for physics-based simulation of fluid flow, which includes automatic generation of sub-scale spray and bubbles. The Marker Level Set method is used to provide a simple geometric criterion for free marker generation. A filtering method, inspired from Weber number thresholding, further controls the free marker generation (in a physics-based manner). Two...

ABSTRACT: Overall plant growth and microbial biomass can be effected by dust accumulation. The chloroform fumigation-extraction method was used to evaluating the effect of cement dust pollution emitted from Kurdistan cement factory on soil microbial biomass carbon. Chlorophyll content (a, b and total) of plants species was measured in different distance from cement factory. Mic...

This paper is devoted to the construction of one and two-weight additive codes, where . It a generalization towards another direction codes (S.T. Dougherty, H.W. Liu L. Yu, “One weight codes”, Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication Computing, Vol.27, No.2, pp.123-138, 2016). A MacWilliams identity which connects enumerator an code over its dual established. Several methods one-weight ...