species. Single-brooded species are adapted to time breeding so that their nestlings are in the nest when food is most plentiful (Lack 1954). In contrast, species that breed more than once per season seem to opt for a different tactic, by maximizing the number of annual broods. In this regard, Lack (1954) suggested that multi-brooded species should lay as soon as conditions permit. This notion ...

The conductivity of DNA covalently bonded to a gold surface was studied by means of the STM technique. Various single- and double-stranded 32-nucleotide-long DNA sequences were measured under ambient conditions so as to provide a better understanding of the complex process of charge-carrier transport in natural as well as chemically modified DNA molecules. The investigations focused on the role...

This paper focuses on Watson-Crick languages inspired by DNA computing, their models, and algorithms for deciding the language membership. It analyzes a recently introduced algorithm called WK-CYK introduces state space search that is based regular Breadth-first but uses number of optimizations heuristics to be efficient in practical use able analyze longer inputs. The key parts are pruning (de...

A biological hydrogel was self-assembled via Watson-Crick base pairing of thymine and adenine from functionalized star poly(ethylene glycol). Our work should provide a novel methodology to generate robust injectable scaffolds with tailorable properties for biomedical applications.