Black shale is dark-colored, organic-rich sediment, and there have been many episodes of black shale deposition over the history of the Earth. Black shales are source rocks for petroleum and natural gas, and thus are both geologically and economically important. Here, we review our recent progress in understanding of the surface ocean ecosystem during periods of carbonaceous sediment deposition...

The Lut Block (Eastern Iran) extends over 900 km in a north-south direction and is only 200 km wide in an east-west direction. It is confined by the Nayband fault and Shotori Range on the west. The eastern edge is bordered by the Sistan suture zone and Nehbandan Fault. The northern termination of Lut Block is the depression of Kavir-e-Namak and the Great Kavir Fault. The Makran arc, including ...

New age, petrochemical and structural data indicate that the Banda Terrane is a remnant of a Jurassic to Eocene arc–trench system that formed the eastern part of the Great Indonesian arc. The arc system rifted apart during Eocene to Miocene supra-subduction zone sea floor spreading, which dispersed ridges of Banda Terrane embedded in young oceanic crust as far south as Sumba and Timor. In Timor...

Magmatic and stratigraphic settings exert a first order control on the formation of various mineral deposit types. Some sating are rich in mineral wealth while others are barren. Stratigraphic setting is of particular importance where stratif&m or stratabound minerill deposits are concerned x orebodies are commonly restricted to specific stratigraphic intervals. For example. within the area bou...

The Grajcarek Unit of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB), at boundary between Central (Inner) and Outer Carpathians, resulted from convergence ALCAPA (the Alps–Carpathians–Pannonia) block European plate. strongly deformed slices consist Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary rocks associated with Late Cretaceous–Middle Palaeocene synorogenic wild-flysch, breccias olistoliths. Maximum burial temperatures d...

A bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) program on a MATLAB platform was effectively used to handle gravity signals for the Tongshi gold field. This yielded a two-dimensional intrinsic mode function (IMF3) image that meticulously depicts the spatial distribution relationship between various gold deposits and the different geological units of the gold field. By combining the IMF3 ima...

Mudeungsan (Mount Mudeung) is an extinct volcano located in the southwestern part of South Korea that was formed Late Cretaceous period. This mountain, 1187 m above sea level, adjacent to Gwangju Metropolitan City, which has a large population (about 1.4 million) and volcanic rocks, including columnar joints, form various types outcrops. Although this mountain listed as national geopark 2014 UN...