Nowadays, many bank cards are smart cards (i.e. integrated-circuit cards) based on the EMV specifications for payment systems. This paper specifies how biometric on-card verification can be integrated into EMV debit and credit cards in a backwards-compatible way. The biometric verification does not change the EMV transaction flow outside the cardholder-verification step. The proposed payment sy...

This paper presents how to compute n-bit CRC checksums on FPGAs in parallel. For this task, a specialized logic minimization strategy is outlined. It achieves signiicantly better results than standard logic optimizers. For n 96, CRC designs with an n-bit I/O interface are poorly routable. However, for smaller I/O interfaces even a 128-bit CRC can be implemented.

In networking environments, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is widely utilized to determine whether errors have been introduced during transmissions over physical links. In this paper, we focus on the CRC calculation that is performed during the routing of the Ethernet packets by encapsulating the packets into Ethernet frames, adding a frame header and adding a frame trailer. The CRC code is ...

1 Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The role of surgical treatment .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 The role of radiation treatment ............................

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in Poland. Annually approximately 11 000 new cases of CRC are diagnosed, while the number of deaths caused by CRC approaches 8 000. Five-year survival does not exceed 20%. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is responsible for about 1% of new cases of CRC. The risk of CRC in FAP syndrome is 100%, and the average age of CRC dev...

Collaborative Representation Classification (CRC) for face recognition attracts a lot attention recently due to its good recognition performance and fast speed. Compared to Sparse Representation Classification (SRC), CRC achieves a comparable recognition performance with 10-1000 times faster speed. In this paper, we propose to ensemble several CRC models to promote the recognition rate, where e...

This paper studies constraint satisfaction over connected row-convex (CRC) constraints. It shows that CRC constraints are closed under composition, intersection, and transposition, the basic operations of path-consistency algorithms. This establishes that path consistency over CRC constraints produces a minimal and decomposable network and is thus a polynomial-time decision procedure for CRC ne...