Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a challenging complication associated with organ transplantation and is usually fatal if untreated. We describe the case of a transplant recipient who presented with rapidly progressive cranial nerve palsies due to PTLD that originated in the sphenoid sinus. In this case, the clinical and radiologic presentation of PTLD mimicked invasiv...

Metastatic prostatic carcinoma commonly involves bones and extra pelvic lymph nodes. CNS involvement is unusual and particularly the occurence of leptomeningeal metastasis is extremely rare, with few cases described in the literature.1 The reported incidence at autopsy vary from 0.6 to 4.4 percent.2 We report a 65 year old male who presented with multiple cranial nerve palsies due to leptomenin...

In this article, the crossed syndromes of Millard-Gubler (facial palsy and contralateral hemiparesis), Foville (facial palsy, conjugate gaze paralysis, and contralateral hemiparesis), Weber (oculomotor palsy and contralateral hemiparesis), and Raymond-Cestan (internuclear ophthalmoplegia and contralateral hemiparesis) are detailed from the original reports. These and other related syndromes wer...

Disorders of ocular motility may occur after injury at several levels of the neuraxis. Unilateral supranuclear disorders of gaze tend to be transient; bilateral disorders more enduring. Nuclear disorders of gaze also tend to be enduring and are frequently present in association with long tract signs and cranial nerve palsies on opposite sides of the body. Nystagmus is a reliable sign of posteri...

Multiple cranial nerve palsies often reveal a meningeal process that may be infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic in origin. Even when there is a known history of malignancy, the rarity with which a given primary cancer causes meningeal carcinomatosis can influence diagnostic decision making and lead to delays in diagnosis. We present a unique case of a patient with deafness and blindness sec...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It mainly occurs in patients with chronic diseases such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C infections, well alcoholics. HCC one highly malignant neoplasms. Extrahepatic metastases are seen 64% HCC, but to brain and skull extremely rare. Here, case a 45-year-old male who presented left III, IV, VI, IX, X, XII cr...

Neurological signs have been described as "false localising" if they reflect dysfunction distant or remote from the expected anatomical locus of pathology, hence challenging the traditional clinicoanatomical correlation paradigm on which neurological examination is based. False localising signs occur in two major contexts: as a consequence of raised intracranial pressure, and with spinal cord l...

Eye movement abnormalities constitute an important clinical sign that can be a manifestation of dysfunction of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI (the 3 ocular motor nerves). Specific motility deficits often have highly localizing value within the neuroaxis, serving to refine a differential diagnosis and guide management. This article reviews the key anatomic concepts, clinical presentation, differ...

Neurological signs have been described as “false localising” if they reflect dysfunction distant or remote from the expected anatomical locus of pathology, hence challenging the traditional clinicoanatomical correlation paradigm on which neurological examination is based. False localising signs occur in two major contexts: as a consequence of raised intracranial pressure, and with spinal cord l...