This study aims to evaluate the link between economic growth and consumer price index (CPI) in Japan for the period of 1980-2014. Initial series were adjusted for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test for unit root followed by the application of Johansen Co-integration Test in order to examine the long-run relationship among the variables, while the causalities were evaluat...

Conceptually, inflation is best understood as on-going erosion of the purchasing power of money. Consumer price inflation is generally measured as changes in the weighted average of the money prices of a basket of selected goods and services. This raises questions concerning the choice of goods and services which constitute that basket, what sort of price changes should be counted as part of th...

 Overall, taking account of both coverage and formula effect differences and within the limitations of how price data is collected within the UK, the Retail Prices Index (RPI) is as good a consumer price index as one can get for uprating purposes. The systemic difference between the RPI and the Consumer Prices Index (CPI), currently (2015) running at 1.0 percentage points per annum, results pr...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy including tipranavir boosted with ritonavir (TPV/r) has shown superior viral suppression and immunological response compared with comparator ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (CPI/r) regimens in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients. This study assesses the influence of adverse events (AEs) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and change in HRQO...

In the present study, we characterized a sterile cpi-2a(ok1256) deletion mutant in Caenorhabditis elegans and showed that CPI-2a has an essential regulatory role during oogenesis and fertilization. We have also shown that the CPI2a inhibitor and both Ce-CPL-1 and Ce-CPZ-1 enzymes are present in the myoepithelial sheath surrounding germ cells, oocytes, and embryos as well as in the yolk granules...

OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between impairments, self-management self-efficacy, self-management behaviors, and environmental factors and their role in predicting participation in meaningful activities among people with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN Online cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS/PATIENTS Randomly selected individuals (n = 335) from a large multiple sclerosis patient registry...

Systems code is often written in low-level languages like C/C++, which offer many benefits but also delegate memory management to programmers. This invites memory safety bugs that attackers can exploit to divert control flow and compromise the system. Deployed defense mechanisms (e.g., ASLR, DEP) are incomplete, and stronger defense mechanisms (e.g., CFI) often have high overhead and limited gu...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dental status of 88 cancer patients before chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-eight patients with cancer in different body locations were studied and compared with a control group. Dental plaque was assessed by means of the Silness and Löe index, dental status with the DMFT index, and periodontal status with the modified CPI index. RESULTS In the oncological...

El reconocimiento de los graves daños ambientales como crímenes internacionales en el Estatuto Roma la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) no solo expande justicia penal internacional y refuerza protección del medio ambiente a nivel global, sino también se constituye un mecanismo para acabar con gran impunidad que gozan actualmente las empresas. Por ello, partir análisis descriptivo comparativo prá...

Correlation plenoptic imaging (CPI) is an optical technique based on intensity correlation measurement, which enables detecting, within fundamental physical limits, both the spatial distribution and direction of light in a scene. This provides possibility to perform tasks such as three-dimensional reconstruction refocusing different planes. Compared with standard devices, direct CPI overcomes p...