BACKGROUND Using esophageal pHmetry, nasal CPAP (nCPAP) has been shown to decrease acid gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in adult humans. Although both GER (mainly non-acid) and nCPAP use are very frequent in newborns, the effect of nCPAP on GER in early life is unknown. Having recently shown that the newborn lamb is a unique model for studying neonatal GER, our main objective was to assess the ef...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who are < 2 years of age. DESIGN A retrospective chart review of 18 patients from 1992 to 1999 who had OSA confirmed by polysomnography. All patients in this study also completed a separate night of CPAP polysomnography to determine the effectiveness of CPAP in the c...

BACKGROUND The sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is associated with elevated oxidative stress, which is associated with reduced levels and functional impairment of progenitor cells. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether one month of CPAP treatment affects circulating-progenitor-cell levels and oxidative stress in patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. METHODS We enrolled 13 patients with sleep a...

To evaluate differences in feeding tolerance between infants maintained on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and those receiving high-flow (nasal) cannula (HFC) with or without CPAP. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Two groups of very low-birth-weight infants (750-1500 g) were compared on the basis of respiratory support: (1) infants born between the January 2002 and Dec...

Repetitive hypoxia followed by persistently increased ventilatory motor output is referred to as long-term facilitation (LTF). LTF is activated during sleep after repetitive hypoxia in snorers. We hypothesized that LTF is activated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Eleven subjects with OSA (apnea/hypopnea index = 43.6 +/- 18.7/h) were included. Every subject had a baseline polysomnogra...

In some conditions continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) therapy alone fails to provide satisfactory oxygenation. In these situations oxygen (O2) is often being added to CPAP/BIPAP mask or hose. Central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are often present along with other chronic conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas...

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used as respiratory support in preterm neonates; however, the best weaning method has not yet been determined. In this study, we compared sudden complete and gradual weaning from nasal CPAP (NCPAP) in preterm newborns. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 62 prete...

INTRODUCTION Nomenclature Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the provision of ventilatory support through the patient’s upper airway using a mask or similar device. This technique is distinguished from those which bypass the upper airway with a tracheal tube, laryngeal mask, or tracheostomy and are therefore considered invasive. In this document NIV refers to non-invasive positive pressur...

INTRODUCTION Nomenclature Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the provision of ventilatory support through the patient’s upper airway using a mask or similar device. This technique is distinguished from those which bypass the upper airway with a tracheal tube, laryngeal mask, or tracheostomy and are therefore considered invasive. In this document NIV refers to non-invasive positive pressur...

BACKGROUND Nasal mask discomfort is a major factor in compliance with treatment by nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). METHODS A study of skin complications resulting from mask usage, with particular reference to predisposing factors, was carried out in 66 patients by means of a postal questionnaire. An effective means...