mortality in excess of 20 percent was expected and endured. Successive expeditions into the interior ended in disaster. In Laird's 1831 expedition up the Niger River, 40 of the 49 European expedition members died, most of them from "fevers." In a second expedition of 1841, 130 of 145 expedition members had been ill and 40 of these had died. It was noted that indigenous Africans serving on the e...

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this the covenant of reason rationality and the commitments of thought, how can you bargain ...

In recent years, several controversies have beset official relations between Jews and Catholics. These include whether Catholics should pray for the conversion of Jews, whether the purpose of interreligious dialogue is to lead others to Christian faith, and whether Catholics should undertake non-coercive "missions" to Jews. An underlying theological topic in all these disputes is how the biblic...