Semiconductors and ceramics, such as silicon carbide, share common characteristics of being nominally hard and brittle, which stems from their covalent chemical bonding and crystal structure. These materials are important in many engineering applications, and are particularly difficult to machine in traditional manufacturing processes due to their extreme hardness and brittleness [1]. Silicon c...

Dye-sensitized solar cells present promising low-cost alternatives to the conventional Silicon (Si)-based solar cells. The counter electrode  generally consists of Pt deposited onto FTO plate. Since Pt is rare and expensive metal, nanostructured carbonaceous materials have been widely investigated as a promising alternative to replace it. Carbon nanotubes  have shown significant properties such...

For cost effective machining it is necessary to identify and quantify changes in tool material machining characteristics. Cryoprocessing, a supplementary process to conventional heat treatment, involves deepfreezing of materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties. The execution of cryoprocessing on cutting tool materials increases wear resistance, hardne...

Granular materials enjoy vivid motion phenomena that make them highly visually attractive. However, simulating each and every physical grain imposes an extremely high computational cost, due to the stringent resolution requirements. In this paper, we introduce a method for simulating granular media that achieves high visual resolution and high mechanical fidelity at a lower computational cost t...

Tin is one of the most efficient source materials for both gas discharge plasma sources and laser produced plasma sources for EUV lithography. Unlike Xenon which was the material commonly investigated for the EUVL source application, recycling of the target materials is not necessary for tin targets because of its low relative cost. However, in assessing the benefits of different source archite...

This research aims to apply a model to the study and analysis of environmental and natural resource costs created in supply chains of goods and services produced in Thailand, and propose indicators for environmental problem management, caused by goods and services production, based on concepts of sustainable production and consumer behavior. The research showed that the highest environmental co...