Three-component reactions have emerged as useful methods because the combinationof three components to generate new products in a single step is extremely economical,among the multi-component reactions. A green, simple, efficient, and cost-effective procedure has been carried out by the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinonesin Biginelli’s condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate, aldehyde and urea or thio...

Virtual Machine Interface: Interface of a component must be designed as a virtual machine. A component must provide a complete, non-redundant (i.e., minimal) interface. The interface must also hide internals (i.e., implementation decisions) of the components so that di erent implementations can be made for the component. Postponement of Context Binding: In the design of components, we need to s...

We describe work to control graphics ren­ dering under limited computational resources by taking a decision-theoretic perspective on perceptual costs and computational savings of approximations. The work extends earlier work on the control of rendering by introduc­ ing methods and models for computing the expected cost associated with degradations of scene components. The expected cost is com­ ...

Today’s low cost wireless phones have driven a need to be able to economically test high volumes of complex RF IC’s at a fraction of the cost of the IC. In June of 2001 the IBM test development group developed a strategy and design to test complex wireless phone front end components for a fraction of the cost of using traditional ATE or rack and stack test solutions. In this paper the architect...

The additive manufacturing process creates objects directly by stacking layers of material on each other until the required product is obtained. application technology for teaching and research purposes still limited unpopular in developing countries, due to costs lack accessibility. In this study, an extruding-based 3D printing was employed design construct a low-cost-high-accessibility machin...