human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine recently has been added to the iran drug list, decision makers need information beyond that available from rcts to recommend funding for this vaccination program to add it to the national immunization program in iran. modeling and economic studies have addressed some of those information needs in foreign countries. in order to determine the long term benefit ...

Extensive research has been devoted to economic production quantity (EPQ) problem. However, little atten-tion has been paid to problems where depreciation cost and process quality cost must be considered, simulta-neously. In this paper, we consider the economic production quantity model of minimizing the annual total cost subject to depreciation cost and process quality cost, where depreciation...

The future of manufacturing is here, compliments of intelligent machines that enable people, processes, products and infrastructure to seamlessly coordinate, creating finished goods that are more time-and cost-efficient to produce — and meet, if not exceed, customer expectations.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the cost effectiveness of different types of television and radio advertisements and the time of day in which advertisements were placed in generating calls to the Oregon tobacco quitline. DESIGN Cost effectiveness was measured by cost per call, calculated as the cost of advertising divided by the number of quitline calls generated by that advertising. Advertisin...

New medical technology is often cited as a contributing factor to increasing health care costs. In a 1990 report to the National Committee for Quality Health Care, 2 the forces driving health care spending were examined in detail. In a section reviewing the impact of new medical technology, the report cited an analysis of American Hospital Association data that concluded half the increase in re...

New and increasingly advanced data services are driving up wireless traffic, which is being further boosted by growth in voice applications in advanced market segments as the migration from fixed to mobile voice continues. Meanwhile, difficult market conditions have caused a number of operators to delay making substantial investments in upgrading their networks to higher capacity technology. In...

Electric-Drive Vehicle Fleets need proper charging infrastructure available in the area of operation. The number of potential locations can be quite large with differing costs for preparation, installations, operation and maintenance. We consider a planning approach based on vehicle movement scenarios. Given a large set of vehicle movements and parking activities, we search for a cost minimal s...

The efficiency literature, both using parametric and non-parametric methods, has been focusing mainly on cost efficiency analysis rather than on profit efficiency. In for-profit organisations, however, the measurement of profit efficiency and its decomposition into technical and allocative efficiency is particularly relevant. In this paper a newly developed method is used to measure profit effi...

OBJECTIVE Approximately 20-30% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases may have a familial contribution. The family history of CRC can be prominent (e.g., hereditary colorectal cancer (HCRC)) or more moderate (e.g., familial colorectal cancer (FCRC)). For family members at risk, colonoscopic surveillance is a well-established method to prevent both HCRC and FCRC, although the evidence for the exac...