The electrospray ionization (ESI) method is widely used in the analysis of biological molecules. The stable cone regime spray is usually obtained by the addition to the electrosprayed dipolar fluid of methanol or ethanol with the role of reducing the fluid surface tension. We investigate the spray onset voltages of water-ethanol mixtures of various concentrations starting from distilled water t...

We have studied the depolarized Rayleigh-Wing light scattering of aqueous solutions of 2-butoxyethanol (C&) as a function of the temperature and concentration. The measured spectra give information on the rotational dynamics of water molecules. Their analysis confirm the amphiphilic character of the ethoxylated alcohol molecules that originates micellar structures. In addition, the water dynami...

In order to study the effect of viscosity on bubbles in a cavitating fluid, the properties of laser-induced bubbles and the resulting luminescence pulses are examined for various glycerol-water mixtures over 1-8 bars of pressure. Bubbles are generated by a Nd:YAG laser, with the bubble radius monitored by a laser-beam photodiode system and the luminescence structure measured by fast photomultip...

Thermophilic and thermotolerant micro-organisms strains have served as the natural source of industrially relevant and thermostable enzymes. Although some strains of the Trametes genus are thermotolerant, few Trametes strains were studied at the temperature above 30 °C until now. In this paper, the laccase activity and the mycelial growth rate for Trametes trogii LK13 are superior at 37 °C. The...

A high-performance liquid chromatography procedure or the determination of the herbicides simazine, propazine, bromacil, metoxuron, and hexazinone is elaborated. Stationary phases RP8 and RP18 and mixtures of methanol-water (2:1 and 1:1, v/v) as a mobile phase are applied for this purpose. The conditions for solid-phase extraction are established, allowing the separation of phenols and herbicid...

Although it is widely known that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an osmolyte used by nature, stabilizes the folded state of proteins, the underlying mechanism of action is not entirely understood. To gain further insight into this important biological phenomenon, we use the C≡N stretching vibration of an unnatural amino acid, p-cyano-phenylalanine, to directly probe how TMAO affects the hydratio...

density, viscosity and refractive index of pure, binary and ternary mixtures of diethanolamine (dea) and methyl diethanolamine (mdea) with water have been measured at different temperatures from 288.15 k to 323.15 k at atmospheric pressure. also, this study presents the effects of mixture composition and temperature upon these thermo- physical properties. to measure the density and refractive i...

A novel supersaturable self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) of cyclosporine A (CyA)—a poorly water-soluble immunosuppressant—was constructed in order to attain an apparent concentration–time profile comparable to that of conventional SEDDS with reduced use of oil, surfactant, and cosolvent. Several hydrophilic polymers, including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were employed as precipita...

In lamellar phases of ternary amphiphilic mixtures~ passages are tube-like connections of neighboring oil(or water-) layers. Passages form spontaneously due to the thermal fluctuations of the monolayers (or membranes), which separate oil and water. Analogous membrane conformations also exist in binary amphiphilic mixtures~ where the membranes are amphiphilic bilayers. We study the shape and the...