Biventricular pacing has been suggested in end-stage heart failure. We present a 59-year-old patient undergoing second re-do CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) and carotid artery endarterectomy. Ejection fraction was 15%, QRS-width 175 ms. Following the carotid and CABG procedure, an implanted single-chamber ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) was upgraded to permanent biventricular D...

An unexpected incident or rapid deterioration of a patient's condition may require optimal adaptation of the treatment to the current state of the patient. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with significant left main coronary artery stenosis and tight stenoses of both carotid arteries. The case was initially qualified for bypass grafting with accompanying carotid artery endarterectomy, but...

Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the definitive surgical treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, with excellent short- and long-term results. PEA following previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery carries a risk of damage to patent grafts, as well as the risk of inadequate myocardial protection, especially when a patent pedicled internal thoracic artery graft is prese...

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is the leading cause of ischemic stroke, resulting in occlusive or severely stenotic lesions of major intracranial or extracranial arteries and narrowing of small penetrating arteries of the brain. Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries (ie, coronary artery disease) is an indirect cause of cardioembolic stroke secondary to myocardial infarction. Ischemic heart...

The comprehensive experience of coronary artery surgery in a Cardiothoracic Unit over a 31-month period is reviewed. Hospital mortality for elective bypass grafting was 3.9% overall and 2.5% in those with good pre-operative left ventricular function. Major influences on hospital mortality were pre-operative left ventricular function, extent of coronary artery disease and extent of the surgical ...