The fine-scale structure of the majority of copy number variation (CNV) regions remains unknown. The killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) gene complex exhibits significant CNV. The evolutionary plasticity of the KIRs and their broad biomedical relevance makes it important to understand how these immune receptors evolve. In this paper, we describe haplotype re-arrangement creating novel loci at ...

This article explores the way that practices of copy-editing technical journals, composing poetry, and ecocritical research can complement one another, drawing on individual professional, creative, academic experience. It reports an exercise devised to generate material for a poem by collating edits from copy, works through this compose piece based UK government’s 2018 environment plan. Critica...

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Visible imaging of gas puffs has been used on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak to characterize edge plasma turbulence, yielding data that can be compared with plasma turbulence codes. Simulations of these experiments with the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo neutral transport code have been carried out to explore the relationship between the plasma fluctuations and the observed light emission. By imposing two-dime...

What could be more different and unrelated than elementary physics and consciousness? The prevailing view is that consciousness is something that emerges in complex physical systems. Yet with all we know from cognitive neuroscience today, there seems to be no biophysical process that should of necessity produce sensations, experience, or self awareness (3 different things) as a byproduct. Altho...

Background: A frenum that encroaches on the margin of the gingiva may interfere with plaque removal and cause tension. Frenectomy is the complete removal of the frenum that can be made by scalpels or with soft tissue lasers. The aim of this article was to compare the degree of postoperative pain, such as discomfort and functional complications (eating and speech), experienced by pat ients af te...

The next major frontier in magnetic fusion physics is to explore and understand the strong non-linear coupling among confinement, MHD stability, self-heating, edge physics and waveparticle interactions that is fundamental to fusion plasma behavior. The Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) design study has been undertaken to define the lowest cost facility to attain, explore, understand an...

Color-kinematics duality in the adjoint has proven key to relationship between gauge and gravity theory scattering amplitude predictions. In recent work, we demonstrated that at four-point tree-level, a small number of color-dual EFT building blocks could encode all higher-derivative single-trace massless corrections theories compatible with double-copy. One critical aspect was trivialization c...

Software development relies critically on code reuse, which software engineers typically realise through handwritten abstractions, such as functions, methods, or classes. However, such abstractions can be challenging to develop and maintain. One alternative form of re-use is copy-paste-modify, a methodology in which developers explicitly duplicate source code to adapt the duplicate for a new pu...