COPD is now widely recognized as a complex heterogeneous syndrome, having both pulmonary and extrapulmonary features. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of COPD is based on the presence of chronic airflow limitation, as assessed by post-bronchodilator spirometry. The severity of the airflow limitation, as measured by percent predicted FEV1, provides important information to the physician to en...

Patients with COPD may show slow, progressive deteriorations in arterial blood gases during the night, particularly during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This is mainly due to hypoventilation, while a deterioration of ventilation/perfusion mismatch plays a minor role. The severity of gas exchanges alterations is proportional to the degree of impairment of diurnal pulmonary function tests, part...

The overlap syndrome of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in addition to obesity hypoventilation syndrome, represents growing health concerns, owing to the worldwide COPD and obesity epidemics and related co-morbidities. These disorders constitute the end points of a spectrum with distinct yet interrelated mechanisms that lead to a considerable hea...

The term phenotype in the field of COPD is defined as "a single or combination of disease attributes that describe differences between individuals with COPD as they relate to clinically meaningful outcomes". Among all phenotypes described, there are three that are associated with prognosis and especially are associated with a different response to currently available therapies. There phenotypes...

There is wide consensus regarding the excessive use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1, 2]. The approved indication for ICS in COPD is the treatment of patients with impaired lung function (usually forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) <60% predicted) and frequent exacerbations, but the recent Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disea...

Abstract Background Although the relationship between allergic sensitization and increased respiratory symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been suggested, which allergen a significant effect on COPD pathology is unclear. This study aimed to identify specific IgE related clinical features diagnosis asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Methods We recruited 76 patients with analyzed...

Background Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) are complex heterogeneous diseases that share clinical characteristics (phenotypes) molecular mechanisms (endotypes). Whilst physicians make decisions on diagnostic groups, for some such as ACO there is no commonly accepted criteria. An alternative approach to evaluate phenotypes endotypes considered ...

PURPOSE To explore the associations between sleep hypoventilation (SH) and daytime arterial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), sleep stages, and sleep apneas/hypopneas (AHI) in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SH has previously been found in COPD-subjects with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF) using supplementary oxygen (LTOT), and has been proposed as ...

Abstract Introduction We analyse anthropometric, somnopolygraphic and comorbidities data in patients with OSA syndrome, COPD, COPD obesity. Material method 2644 patients, three groups: I – (2112 pts., 79.9%); II (116 4.4%); III OSA, obesity (416 15.7%). Results significantly older (p &lt; 0.01, p = 001, 0.01); more men: 68.4% vs. 80.2% 78.8%; smokers 59.4% 70.7% 74.3%; larger neck circumference...