A fast and simple method for the oxidative iodination of some activated arenes and heteroarenes, either under microwave irradiation or by conventional heating, is reported, using diiodine and ortho-periodic acid as the oxidant. The reactions were carried out in hot 95% ethanol under a reflux condenser. For the microwave assisted reactions, the reaction times were always notably shortened, but t...

In this paper, we present novel development of domestic central heating control panel from conventional wall-mounted device to ambient media. We perform cycles of designs and evaluations in order to refine the understanding of the new media. Based on that we investigate potential methodologies to develop conventional devices into ambient media and, explore types of massages which may be provide...

Microwave processing of materials has been found to deliver enormous advantages over conventional processing methods in terms of mechanical and physical properties of the materials. However, the non-uniform temperature distribution is the key problem of microwave processing, which is related to the structure of the cavity, and the placement and physical parameters of the material. In this paper...

This work introduces the use of GradedChannel SOI MOSFETs to make analog current mirrors and compare their performance with those made with conventional fully depleted SOI transistors. It is demonstrated that Graded-Channel MOSFETs can provide higher precision current mirror with enhanced output swing. Also lesser modifications of the output characteristics due to the self-heating effect than i...

Microwave dielectric heating was firstly reported on the use in organic chemistry by Gedye (Gedye, R. et al., 1986) and Giguere/Majetich (Giguere, R. J. et al., 1986) in the mid-1980s. However, it takes a long time before the wide application of this technology in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This has been principally attributed to the lack of controllability and reproducibility of the initi...

In this paper, kinetic models are discussed with respect to their uses in describing the intrinsic thermal mortality of insect pests. A unique heating block system was used to obtain kinetic information for the thermal mortality of codling moth larvae. The kinetic data demonstrated the possibility to develop high-temperature-short-time thermal treatments to control codling moth and reduce therm...

Aircraft deicing fluids rapid heating system is widely used in aircraft ground deicing to ensure that the operation of flights can be safe and efficient. Aiming at the temperature turbulence problem of aircraft deicing system, this paper presents the single neuron PID control strategy which combine the advantage of conventional PID control with artificial neuron control. The aircraft deicing fl...

Nan-sized inorganic particles having characteristic morphology and narrow size-distribution have attracted attention due to their potential applications as functional materials, i.e., catalysts, magnetic materials, conducting inks, and ferrofluids. Various preparation and stabilization methods of nano-sized metal particles, metal oxide particles, and metal sulfide particles have been reported. ...

A new model for cooling flows in X-ray clusters, capable of naturally explaining salient features observed, is proposed. The only requirement is that a significant relativistic component, in the form of cosmic rays (CR), be present in the intra-cluster medium and significantly frozen to the thermal gas. Such an addition qualitatively alters the conventional isobaric thermal instability criterio...

The use of subsurface temperature data to estimate an unknown transient surface-heating event is a classic, and practical, inverse problem in engineering. This paper describes a new inverse heat-transfer estimation procedure that is formulated using a cellular automaton model of energy transport into the medium. The quantitative heat-flux estimates generated by this new scheme appear to have ac...