The influence of extended convective mixing (overshoot) on asymptotic giant branch stellar evolution is investigated in detail. The extended mixing is treated timedependently, and the efficiency declines exponentially with the geometric distance from the convective boundary. It has been considered at all convective boundaries, including the He-flash convection zone in the intershell region whic...

Following unstable ignition of carbon, but prior to explosion, a white dwarf (WD) in a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) undergoes a simmering phase. During this time, a central convective region grows and encompasses ∼ 1M⊙ of the WD over a timescale of ∼ 103 yrs, which sets the thermal and turbulent profile for the subsequent explosion. We study this time-dependent convection and summarize some of the...

We constructed hydrodynamical model atmospheres for mid M-type main-, as well as pre-main-sequence objects. Despite the complex chemistry encountered in such cool atmospheres a reasonably accurate representation of the radiative transfer is possible. The detailed treatment of the interplay between radiation and convection in the hydrodynamical models allows to study processes usually not access...

We examine the diurnal cycles of deep convection and precipitation in the Southern Amazon region, using mainly the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, contrasting a year of drought (2004-2005) with a “normal” year (2005-2006). MODIS 550nm aerosol optical thickness data and TRMM 3B42 precipitation products were also used to investigate whether a significant relationship between these two parameter...

A modular rainfall retrieval called Advective-Convective-Technique (ACT) was developed at the LCRS that is based on data from geostationary sensors in the water vapour and infrared channel. Extended regions of stratiform precipitation in the vicinity of convective cores are identified by a kmeans cluster analysis and rainrates are assigned using a 3-D cloud model. During daytime an extended ide...

During September–October 2001, the East Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes in the Coupled Ocean– Atmosphere System (EPIC-2001) intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) field campaign focused on studies of deep convection in the warm-pool region of the eastern Pacific. This study combines C-band Doppler radar, sounding, and surface heat flux data collected aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown dur...

This study utilizes the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite precipitation radar (PR), lightning imaging sensor (LIS), and passive microwave imager (TMI) data together with ground-based lightning data to investigate the vertical structure, lightning, and rainfall characteristics of Amazonian and subtropical South American convection for three separate wet seasons. These characte...

While shape memory alloys (SMAs) have many actuation benefits, their frequencies are commonly restricted by slow cooling times caused by limitations in convective heat transfer. To increase the cooling speed and at the same time reduce excess power consumption from overheating, it is critical to understand the heat transfer from SMA wires. This requires accurate surface temperature measurement ...

1. Introduction During the warm season over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States, strong convective storms are responsible for a large portion of the annual rainfall. Accurate prediction of quantitative precipitation associated with these warm season systems has been a particularly elusive task (Fritsch and Carbone 2004). The prediction of the exact timing, location and intensit...

This study identifies and examines the common characteristics of several nocturnal midlatitude mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that developed near mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) or cutoff lows. All of these MCSs were organized into convective clusters or lines that exhibited back-building behavior, remained nearly stationary for 6–12 h, and produced locally excessive rainfall (greater...