In this paper coarse media filtration has been analysed as an alternative to the traditional settling in primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater. Various filter media configurations were evaluated for enhanced primary filtration. It was found that a dual media configuration based on Kaldnes biofilm media (1 and K2modified) were most suitable when taking both separation efficienc...

Sand Pile Models are discrete dynamical systems emphasizing the phenomenon of Self-Organized Criticality. From a configuration composed of a finite number of stacked grains, we apply on every possible positions (in parallel) two grain moving transition rules. The transition rules permit one grain to fall to its right or left (symmetric) neighboring column if the difference of height between tho...

In this paper, we present an application of the stochastic calculusto the problem of modeling electrical networks. The filtering problem have animportant role in the theory of stochastic differential equations(SDEs). In thisarticle, we present an application of the continuous Kalman-Bucy filter for a RLcircuit. The deterministic model of the circuit is replaced by a stochastic model byadding a ...

The viability of base-treated juniper fiber (BTJF) media for removing toxic heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn+) in stormwater runoff was investigated. The sorption ability ofthe BTJF for all metals was much higher than that of untreated juniper. The affinity sequence of both materials, BTJF and untreated juniper, was Pb > Cu > Zn:,. Cd. This order is explained by the hydrolysis constants for e...

We present the continuous-time particle filter (CTPF) – an extension of the discrete-time particle filter for monitoring continuous-time dynamic systems. Our methods apply to hybrid systems containing both discrete and continuous variables. The dynamics of the discrete state system are governed by a Markov jump process. Observations of the discrete process are intermittent and irregular. Whenev...