Neuromusculoskeletal models used to predict muscle and joint contact forces for a specific individual require specification of muscle-tendon, skeletal geometry, and neural control model parameter values. Though these parameter values should ideally be calibrated using in vivo data collected from the subject, they are often taken from generic models. This study explored the influence of three mo...

Using an interface displacement model we calculate the shapes of nanometer-size liquid droplets on homogeneous cylindrical surfaces. We determine effective contact angles and line tensions, the latter defined as excess free energies per unit length associated with the two contact lines at the ends of the droplet. The dependences of these quantities on the cylinder radius and on the volume of th...

In this work, a systematic study of the graphene/metal contact resistance (RC) is conducted. The circular Transfer Length Method (cTLM) is used to determine the RC values with several metals. Samples with Cu, Ti, Ni, Pt, Ag, Pd and Au contacts were fabricated and electrically characterized. Our results indicate that noble metals show lower RC. The lowest RC was observed for Au samples (~2.3kΩ.μ...

BACKGROUND To describe the demographic and geographic distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Manitoba, thus determining risk factors associated with clustering and higher incidence rates in distinct subpopulations. METHODS Data from the Manitoba TB Registry was compiled to generate a database on 855 patients with tuberculosis and their contacts from 1992-1999. Recovered isolates of M. tuberculo...

BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common clinical condition in industrialized countries and often causes occupational diseases. Animal model of contact sensitivity (CS) is commonly used to study ACD in mice and can be induced by skin application of haptens. It has been previously shown that CS is mediated by CD4(+) or CD(8+) T effector cells. More recently it was found that also...

Droplets deform soft substrates near their contact lines. Using confocal microscopy, we measure the deformation of silicone gel substrates due to glycerol and fluorinated-oil droplets for a range of droplet radii and substrate thicknesses. For all droplets, the substrate deformation takes a universal shape close to the contact line that depends on liquid composition, but is independent of dropl...

The spreading of liquid drops on surfaces corrugated with micrometer-scale parallel grooves is studied both experimentally and numerically. Because of the surface patterning, the typical final drop shape is no longer spherical. The elongation direction can be either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the grooves, depending on the initial drop conditions. We interpret this result as a...

We study the dynamics and equilibrium profile shapes of contact lines for wetting in the case of a spatially inhomogeneous solid wall with stripe defects. Using a phase-field model with conserved dynamics, we first numerically determine the contact line behavior in the case of a stripe defect of varying widths. For narrow defects, we find that the maximum distortion of the contact line and the ...

Surface tension effects can dominate multi-phase flows when the length scales of the problem are small. The resulting Capillary forces at a phase interface between two immiscible fluids are proportional to the local curvature of the flow and try to minimize the interfacial area. A more complex situation occurs when three phases are in contact or when two phases are in contact with a wall. The s...