Cough airflow dynamics have been previously studied using a variety of experimental methods. In this study, real-time, non-invasive shadowgraph imaging was applied to obtain additional analyses of cough airflows produced by healthy volunteers. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, mean age 32.2±12.9 years; 10 men, mean age 25.3±2.5 years) were asked to cough freely, then into their sleeves (as p...

Rubber dams are inflatable and deflatable hydraulic structures. Thousands of rubber dams have been installed worldwide for various purposes: irrigation, water supply, power generation, tidal barrier, flood control, environmental improvement, and recreation. Furthermore, rubber dams have been used in cold areas where the temperature is as low as –40°C. The simplicity and flexibility of the rubbe...

Dams have been always considered as the important infrastructures and their critical values are counted. Hence, evaluation and avoidance of dams’ destruction have a specific importance. Seepage occurrence in dams is an inevitable phenomenon. Despite all the progress in geotechnical engineering, up to now, seepage problem is the main conflict which occurs in dams. This study tried to estimate se...

The paper is a short survey of recent developments in the area of word maps evaluated on groups and algebras. It is aimed to pose questions relevant to Kac–Moody theory.

.

check dams, are small dams in the watershed. these dams are constructed in susceptible areas to erosion due to reduce of flow velocity and erosion, control of sediment and flood in upstream of reservoir dams. these structures are made using wood, stone and cement, and gabion. these structures change the hydrological response of the watershed by reducing flow velocity, the channel slope and stor...

Nowadays, the majority of construction projects can be considered as complex and ambiguous endeavours. Each kind of construction project has its own characteristics and complexities whereas then specific management approaches and solutions are needed. Regarding the rapid development of cities, underground constructions at urban regions, such as metro construction, have been largely used for ext...