This paper presents a simple but workable constitutive model for the stress–strain relationship of sandy soil during process tunneling construction disturbance in coastal cities. The was developed by linking parameter K and internal angle φ Duncan–Chang with disturbed degree sand, which effects initial void ratio on strength deformation property sands are considered using unified function based...

The past 20 years have seen substantial work on the modeling of ductile damage and fracture. Several factors explain this interest. (i) There is a growing demand to provide tools which allow to increase the efficiency of structures (reduce weight, increase service temperature or load, etc.) while keeping or increasing safety. This goal is indeed first achieved by using better materials but also...

Ni 3Al, an L12 structure intermetallic crystal, is the basic composition of the y' precipitates in nickel-based superalloys and is a major strengthening mechanism contributing to the superalloys' outstanding high-temperature mechanical properties. Many L12-structure crystals present unusual macroscopic mechanical properties, including the anomalous temperature-dependence of yield strength and s...