multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. in this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. we have assumed the demand i...

housing is one of the economic major sectors of the macro economy of country and micro economy of the household. changes in home prices, including consideration of issues in recent years . in this regard, several studies for examining the determinant variables of housing supply and demand and prices have been. this article attempts with using of model dissimilar variance household arch, paying ...

the current study attempted to investigate the mathematical sturcuture of cost function of irrigated wheat crop in kurdistan province. the methodolgy is based on duality assumption. the sample size is 257 farmers for the agricultural year 2011-2012.data was collected byinterviewwith farmers and writing writerquestionnaire.the multistage cluster random sampling used. the results showed that, the...

Information replication is a major technique for improving the efficiency and autonomy of many distributed applications. Weak consistency algorithms allow us to propagate changes in an arbitrary, changing storage network in a self-organizing way. The weak consistency algorithms generate very little traffic overhead; they have low latency and are scalable, in addition to being fault tolerant. In...

To better utilize air-conditioning load in terms of demand side response potential and improve precision speed, a control strategy traditional temperature-control air conditioning, determining frequency as the research object, conditioning determined with theory model Monte Carlo method, were used to construct power aggregation model. This was combined user feedback study thermal comfort latera...

The measurement of price changes, economic welfare, and demand parameters is currently based on three disjoint approaches: macroeconomic models derived from time-invariant utility functions, microeconomic estimation based on time-varying utility (demand) systems, and actual price and real output data constructed using formulas that di�er from either approach. The inconsistencies are so deep tha...

We consider the scheduling of deferrable charging demand for plug-in electric or hybrid-electric vehicles (PEVs/PHEVs) in the smart grid such that the grid is operating within the safety charging threshold, and as many as consumers/users are satisfied by the end of a finite horizon (e.g., 8pm6am). Given that the charging profiles of PEVs/PHEVs are not constant and have a (truncated) prescribed ...

– This paper reviewed the technologies that enable Charge-Coupled Device based and CMOS photodiode based image sensors. The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of sensors were presented. It was concluded that in the near future, both types of sensors would continue to play a role in the imaging industry. High image quality applications would continue to demand ChargeCoupled Devices ba...

This paper investigates the large and unexpected increase in cigarette prices that followed the 1997 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA). We integrate key features of rational addiction theory into a discrete-choice model of the demand for a differentiated product. We find that, following the MSA, firms set prices on a more elastic region of their demand curves. Using these estimates, we predict ...