BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY Emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) can reduce unintended pregnancy and the associated costs and consequences for the individual and National Health Service (NHS). Levonorgestrel (LNG 1.5 mg) is currently the standard of care in the UK; however, it is not licensed for use >72 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse (UPSI). This cost-effectiveness analysis compar...

background: no extensive studies were done that included the use of pentoxifylline or verify its effect on the outcome of icsi in cases of mild and moderate asthenozoospermia. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline used in preparation of semen samples which doesn't need motility enhancement prior to icsi. materials and methods: the study was carried on 30 ...

introduction: varicocele is considered as a common cause of male infertility. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters, sperm membrane integrity and sperm nuclear maturity. materials and methods: in this study along with routine semen analysis, hypo-osmotic swelling test (host), and aniline blue staining for assessment of as 45 and 90 days after i...

OBJECTIVE Exploratory investigation on drug use by fathers before and during pregnancy with regard to the number of pregnancies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data of Dutch community pharmacies were used in which fathers were linked to children. The prevalence of the 15 most prescribed drug groups were calculated per trimester for one trimester preconception and three trimesters during pregnanc...

in children. although its burden is considerably preventable by vaccine, routine vaccination against hib has not been defined in the national immunization program of iran. this study was performed to assess the cost-benefit and cost‑utility of running an hib vaccination program in iran. methods: based on a previous systematic review and meta‑analysis for vaccine efficacy, we estimated the avert...

The aim of the study was to conduct a structured review of the literature published on the use of normal sperm morphology, as an indicator of male fertility potential in the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) situation, and to establish the universal predictive value of this semen parameter. Published literature in which normal sperm morphology was used to predict fertilization and pregnancy, during ...

Background: Surgery is considered the most common choice for the treatment of male infertility with clinical varicocele. Increased numbers of mast cells (MCs) have been associated with different types of infertility, including varicocele. Despite there being different reports on improved fertility following administration of MC blockers, there is no report on the effect of a MC blocker on varic...

OBJECTIVES Adolescents may use condoms inconsistently or incorrectly, or may over-report condom use. This study used a semen exposure biomarker to evaluate the accuracy of female adolescents' reports of condom use and predict subsequent pregnancy. METHODS The sample comprised 715 sexually active African-American female adolescents, ages 15-21 years. At baseline, 6 months and 12 months, partic...