We investigate the issue of “dangerous humanmade interference with climate” using simulations with GISS modelE driven by measured or estimated forcings for 1880– 2003 and extended to 2100 for IPCC greenhouse gas scenarios as well as the “alternative” scenario of Hansen and Sato (2004). Identification of “dangerous” effects is partly subjective, but we find evidence that added global warming of ...

The impact of future anthropogenic forcing on the frequency of tropical storms in the North Atlantic basin has been the subject of intensive investigation. However, whether the number of North Atlantic tropical storms will increase or decrease in a warmer climate is still heavily debated and a consensus has yet to be reached. To shed light on this issue, the authors use a recently developed sta...

Perth will run out of available sustainable natural water resources by 2015 if nothing is done to slow usage rates, according to a Western Australian study [1]. Alternative water technology options need to be considered for the long-term guaranteed supply of water for agricultural, commercial, domestic and industrial purposes. Seawater is an alternative source of water for human consumption, be...

Introduction: The early climates of Earth and Mars appear to have been relatively warm, despite the existence of a less luminous young Sun [1]. Most attempts at reconciling these apparently contradicting observations rely on atmospheres that are richer in greenhouse gases (GHGs) than the present atmospheres of either planet [2]. The major contribution to most plausible greenhouses is from CO2 a...

The passage of national climate policy legislation has proven elusive in the United States. In one of the leading efforts, in 2009, the US House of Representatives passed the American Clean Energy and Security Act. Although the legislation did not become law, it would have established targets for the reduction of domestic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and achieved them primarily through a cap-...

Knutti and Plattner (2012, hereinafter KP) wholly mischaracterize the ‘‘warming discrepancy’’ that we presented in our paper (Schwartz et al. 2010, hereinafter S10). Briefly, we noted that the calculated increase in global temperature due to long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) alone greatly exceeds the observed warming. We then examined possible causes of this discrepancy, importantly, thermal...

Acquisition and allocation of resources in response to elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization in two perennial C3 grasses Hannah Abigail Kinmonth-Schultz Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee: Assistant Professor Soo-Hyung Kim College of Forest Resources Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased over the last century, likely due to human activity, and will likely con...

Abstract The European Commission strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate-neutral economy by 2050 outlines main blocks to maximise the benefits of energy efficiency, including zero emission buildings deployment renewables use electricity fully decarbonise Europe’s supply. following EU Climate Target Plan 2030 underlines, once again even more urgently than in ...