1 unconsciously? How does an idea such as a mental image of a tree lead to the movements of a pen or paintbrush? Th ese are exciting times because such questions are beginning to be answered scientifi cally. It is our hope that this book will address most if not all questions regarding the nuts and bolts of human action, questions that have been surprisingly neglected in the history of experime...

Emotion modulates our time perception. So far, the relationship between emotion and time perception has been examined with visible emotional stimuli. The present study investigated whether invisible emotional stimuli affected time perception. Using continuous flash suppression, which is a kind of dynamic interocular masking, supra-threshold emotional pictures were masked or unmasked depending o...

The compliance of businesses is a highly relevant topic for companies of all sectors. Compliance comprises all necessities for obeying legal regulations as well as mandatory norms, and violations can entail painful penalties. Since nearly all companies base their daily business on the execution of business processes (consciously or unconsciously), these business processes also have to be compli...

The ‘Author’s Effect of Showcasing’ (AES) is the activity of publishing authors who shape by free will the formal reference stock of their communications cited directly and item by item, placing this formal reference stock into the showcase of science – consciously or unconsciously. This first paper of the study demonstrates the emergence, causes and traces of the AES phenomenon in the journal ...

The scope and limits of unconscious processing are a matter of ongoing debate. Lately, continuous flash suppression (CFS), a technique for suppressing visual stimuli, has been widely used to demonstrate surprisingly high-level processing of invisible stimuli. Yet, recent studies showed that CFS might actually allow low-level features of the stimulus to escape suppression and be consciously perc...

Humanoid robot avatars are a potential new telecommunication tool, whereby a user is remotely represented by a robot that replicates their arm, head, and possible face movements. They have been shown to have a number of benefits over more traditional media such as phones or video calls. However, using a teleoperated humanoid as a communication medium inherently changes the appearance of the ope...

The present study examined the functional association of the amygdala and right ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions. A situation was created where emotional valence of the stimuli was unconsciously manipulated by using subliminal affective priming. Twelve healthy volunteers were asked to evaluate the facial expressions of a target face (500-ms durat...

Previous studies suggest that early stages of face-specific processing are performed preattentively and unconsciously, whereas conscious perception emerges with late-stage (>300 ms) neuronal activity. A conflicting view, however, posits that attention is necessary for face-specific processing and that early-to-mid latency neural responses (∼ 100-300 ms) correspond more closely with perceptual a...

Formal concept analysis is a method of exploratory data analysis that aims at the extraction of natural clusters from object–attribute data tables. The clusters, called formal concepts, are naturally interpreted as human-perceived concepts in a traditional sense and can be partially ordered by a subconcept–superconcept hierarchy. The hierarchical structure of formal concepts (so-called concept ...